{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T03:53:27Z","timestamp":1778039607087,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,20]],"date-time":"2014-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Verapamil is an L\u2010type calcium channel blocker (CCB) that has been shown to have immunomodulatory properties in a variety of tissues. The goal of this study was determine whether verapamil is capable of regulating cytokine secretion in sinonasal polyps and to compare this effect to dexamethasone, an established immunosuppressive corticosteroid.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was an institutional review board (IRB)\u2010approved study in sinonasal polyp explants derived from 8 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Polyps were incubated with dexamethasone or verapamil for 24 hours followed by an additional 24 hours with Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Concentrations of secreted cytokines over each exposure period were determined by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and are expressed as a percent. Results were compared using a 2\u2010tailed Student <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The percent of SEB\u2010stimulated interleukin\u20105 (IL\u20105) secretion (mean \u00b1 standard deviation [SD], 339.94% \u00b1 315.48%) between the second and first treatment periods was significantly reduced following exposure to dexamethasone (74.08% \u00b1 26.77%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) and verapamil (119.99% \u00b1 69.32%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). The percent of SEB\u2010stimulated IL\u20106 secretion (217.53% \u00b1 89.51%) was also significantly reduced following exposure to verapamil (148.82% \u00b1 79.15%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) but not dexamethasone (148.86% \u00b1 145.24%). Finally, the percent of SEB\u2010stimulated thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) secretion (37.86% \u00b1 18.88%) demonstrated a nonsignificant trend toward reduction with both dexamethasone (31.15% \u00b1 35.28%) and verapamil (20.14% \u00b1 12.10%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the mechanism has yet to be fully understood, L\u2010type CCBs are capable of reducing inflammation in multiple tissues. Verapamil was specifically found to reduce airway goblet cell hyperplasia and eosinophilic infiltration in a murine asthma model. Our data support these findings suggesting that verapamil can modulate T\u2010helper cell type 2 (Th2)\u2010associated cytokine secretion in sinonasal polyp explants. This data points to a possible therapeutic role for CCBs in the management of CRSwNP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,20]],"date-time":"2014-10-20T14:47:23Z","timestamp":1413816443000},"page":"10-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Verapamil modulates interleukin\u20105 and interleukin\u20106 secretion in organotypic human sinonasal polyp explants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Benjamin S.","family":"Bleier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Harvard Medical School  Boston MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Armine","family":"Kocharyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Harvard Medical School  Boston MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Singleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University  Boston MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University  Boston MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e32835bc3f9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21072"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2011.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-09-0467"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-005-0060-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(89)91076-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21166"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2012","volume":"23","author":"Fokkens WJ","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rhinol Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21316"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.2011.01409.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00243"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.9.5206"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.08.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240602000203","article-title":"Altered expression of genes associated with innate immunity and inflammation in recalcitrant rhinosinusitis with polyps","volume":"20","author":"Lane AP","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.10.072"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2006.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M210413200"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy &amp; Rhinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Falr.21436","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alr.21436","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T00:55:00Z","timestamp":1696640100000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/alr.21436"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,20]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/alr.21436"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alr.21436","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-6976","2042-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-6976","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-6984","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,20]]}}}