{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T18:14:19Z","timestamp":1768673659956,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,12]],"date-time":"2015-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1423699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a highly prevalent inflammatory condition, with significant effects on morbidity and quality of life, yet little is known about its pathogenesis. Preliminary evidence suggests there is a heritable component to the multifactorial etiology of CRS; however, our understanding of this genetic susceptibility is limited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using an extensive genealogical database linked to medical records, the risk of CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and without polyps (CRSsNP) was calculated for relatives and spouses of adult probands (1638 CRSwNP and 24,200 CRSsNP patients diagnosed between 1996 and 2011) and were compared to random population controls matched 5:1 on sex and birth year from Cox regression models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>First\u2010degree relatives (1stDRs) of CRSwNP patients demonstrated a 4.1\u2010fold increased risk (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 10<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>) of carrying the same diagnosis, whereas second\u2010degree relatives (2ndDRs) demonstrated a 3.3\u2010fold increased risk (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.004), compared to controls. In CRSsNP patients, 1stDRs were at 2.4\u2010fold increased risk (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 10<jats:sup>\u221215<\/jats:sup>), whereas 2ndDRs were at 1.4\u2010fold increased risk (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 10<jats:sup>\u221215<\/jats:sup>) of the same diagnosis. Third\u2010degree relatives (3rdDRs) had a slight increased risk at 1.1\u2010fold (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 10<jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup>). Spouses of CRSsNP patients, who likely share environmental circumstances, exhibited a 2\u2010fold increased risk (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 10<jats:sup>\u221215<\/jats:sup>). No increased risk was observed in spouses of CRSwNP patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the largest population study to date, a significant familial risk is confirmed in CRSwNP and CRSsNP, which may have a shared genetic and environmental component. Further understanding of the genetic basis of CRS and its interplay with environment factors could clarify disease etiology and lead to more effective targeted treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,13]],"date-time":"2015-02-13T11:59:02Z","timestamp":1423828742000},"page":"276-282","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Familial risk of chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyposis: genetics or environment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Gretchen M.","family":"Oakley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine  Salt Lake City UT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Curtin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Utah  Salt Lake City UT"},{"name":"Pedigree and Population Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah  Salt Lake City UT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quinn","family":"Orb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine  Salt Lake City UT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Schaefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pedigree and Population Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah  Salt Lake City UT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard R.","family":"Orlandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine  Salt Lake City UT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremiah A.","family":"Alt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine  Salt Lake City UT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200303-365OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.131.3.237"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"Comparison analysis of heredity aspect on allergic rhinitis","author":"Kim SI","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/108854196778662192"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2005.11.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21140"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"506","article-title":"A computerized family history database system","volume":"63","author":"Skolnick M","year":"1979","journal-title":"Sociol Social Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2010.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20989"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2000.00645.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.06.726"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e3181805147"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"331","article-title":"Genetic association study in nasal polyposis","volume":"22","author":"Benito Pescador D","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20239"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2009.23.3303"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2008.12.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2010.24.3429"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200010000-00027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","first-page":"188","article-title":"A pooling\u2010based genome\u2010wide association study implicates the p73 gene in chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"39","author":"Tournas A","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-11-85"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2011.25.3588"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2014.28.4012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2007.21.2979"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215107001302"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy &amp; 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