{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T08:29:26Z","timestamp":1793521766477,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,2]],"date-time":"2015-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010485","name":"American Rhinologic Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010485","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our previous studies have demonstrated the tolerability and low side\u2010effect profile of office\u2010based sclerotherapy with sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) for treating recurrent epistaxis due to hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). The objective of this study was to use a prospective randomized trial to determine the effectiveness of sclerotherapy with STS vs standard treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective randomized trial (conducted from November 1, 2011, through January 31, 2014) involved 17 patients with recurrent epistaxis due to HHT. We defined standard treatment as continuation of any treatment that the patient had previously undergone, such as moisturization, packing, and cautery. We used a crossover design, so study participants were randomized to either sclerotherapy or standard treatment during the first time period, and then to the other during the second period. The primary outcome measure was frequency and severity of epistaxis, as measured by the epistaxis severity score (ESS). The ESS is a 10\u2010point scale, with higher scores corresponding to more bleeding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After controlling for treatment order, bleeding was substantially better controlled after sclerotherapy; the ESS after sclerotherapy was nearly one point lower than after standard treatment (\u22120.95, 1\u2010sided <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.027). Treatment order, baseline ESS, the number of lesions, moisturization practices, and a history of previous blood transfusions did not significantly affect the results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This trial demonstrated that sclerotherapy with STS (vs standard treatment) significantly reduced epistaxis due to HHT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,2]],"date-time":"2015-02-02T14:39:39Z","timestamp":1422887979000},"page":"435-440","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Prospective randomized trial of sclerotherapy vs standard treatment for epistaxis due to hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Holly","family":"Boyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota  Minneapolis MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota  Minneapolis MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chap","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health University of Minnesota  Minneapolis MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bevan","family":"Yueh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota  Minneapolis MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199510053331407"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.1999.00398.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12555569"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199109000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161206776361255"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/105065899782102890"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20818"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.20053"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2009.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1993.tb00976.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199907000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino11.142"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"[A new sclerosant for the treatment of Rendu\u2010Osler\u2010Weber disease]","volume":"51","author":"Ramirez B","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-6519(02)78360-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0150-9861(04)96977-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"1144","article-title":"Intralesional bleomycin injections for the palliation of epistaxis in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia","volume":"25","author":"Duncan IC","year":"2004","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21287"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(20000306)91:1<66::AID-AJMG12>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240602000116"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2007.33261.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1531003509345286"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014556139507400314"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21328"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy &amp; 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