{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:44:13Z","timestamp":1790837053424,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,26]],"date-time":"2015-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a cluster of disorders that result in sinonasal mucosal inflammation. <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>) is associated with severe and recalcitrant CRS. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> on respiratory epithelial barrier structure and function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Conditioned media from <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> reference strains (American Type Culture Collection [ATCC] 13565, 14458, and 25923) was applied to air\u2010liquid interface (ALI) cultures of primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured to assess cell\u2010to\u2010cell integrity. Electron microscopy was used to gauge the ciliated area and tight junctions (TJs). Additionally, the expression of the TJ protein zona occludens\u20101 (ZO\u20101) was examined via immunofluorescence. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with pairwise Bonferroni\u2010adjusted <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Secreted products applied to ALI cultures from <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> strain 13565 caused a concentration\u2010dependent decline in electrical impedance compared to controls and reference strains 14458 and 25923 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Electron microscopy showed a distinct separation between adjacent cells apically, in the region of TJs. The ciliated area was not affected; however, ZO\u20101 expression became discontinuous in HNECs exposed to the 13565 strain's conditioned media.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Conditioned media of the <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> strain 13565 damages the airway epithelium by disrupting the TJs between primary HNECs grown at an ALI. These findings suggest that strain\u2010specific <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\u2013secreted product(s) compromise epithelial barrier function, which may constitute 1 of the roles played by <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> in the pathophysiology of recalcitrant CRS. Further research is required to uncover the relevant molecular mechanisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,27]],"date-time":"2015-03-27T22:07:53Z","timestamp":1427494073000},"page":"551-556","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["<i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> impairs the airway epithelial barrier in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Zacki","family":"Malik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery\u2013Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and the University of Adelaide  Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene","family":"Roscioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery\u2013Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and the University of Adelaide  Adelaide SA 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