{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T17:42:03Z","timestamp":1764783723978},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,26]],"date-time":"2015-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the present study was to measure levels of granulocyte\u2010macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor (GM\u2010CSF) in nasal lavage of patients affected by chronic eosinophilic sinonasal inflammation to clarify the relationship with eosinophilic tissue infiltration and clinical features.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between November 2012 and June 2013, we selected 70 patients with chronic eosinophilic inflammation (average age 41.8 years) who were classified into the following groups: persistent allergic rhinitis (group 1), noninfectious non\u2010allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (group 2) and chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps (group 3). Finally, we enrolled 20 healthy subjects as controls (group 4). All patients underwent symptoms score questionnaire based on a visual analogue scale, nasal endoscopy and\/or computed tomography (CT) scan, and allergy testing. Nasal cytology by scraping of the mucosa and GM\u2010CSF assays in nasal lavage were performed in all subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Detectable levels of GM\u2010CSF were found in 34 of 70 (48.57%) patients, with an average concentration of 2.67\u00a0\u00b1 0.8 pg\/mL, whereas in controls only 1 of 20 individuals showed detectable GM\u2010CSF levels. Eosinophil infiltration was significantly higher in patients with detectable GM\u2010CSF compared to those with undetectable levels (49.4% vs 39.2%, respectively; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, significant weakly\u2010moderate correlation was found between GM\u2010CSF levels and percentage of eosinophil infiltration in tissue (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Correlation between symptom scores and GM\u2010CSF levels was significant only in group 2, which showed higher average concentrations of GM\u2010CSF compared to groups 1 and 3 (2.9 pg\/mL vs 1.6 pg\/mL and 1.8 pg\/mL, respectively; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data confirm that GM\u2010CSF is more frequently detectable in nasal lavages of patients affected by chronic sinonasal eosinophilic inflammation than in controls. Statistical analyses revealed a significant weakly\u2010moderate correlation between GM\u2010CSF levels in nasal lavage of all patients and percentage of eosinophil infiltration of nasal mucosa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,27]],"date-time":"2015-03-27T22:07:50Z","timestamp":1427494070000},"page":"557-562","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Nasal lavage levels of granulocyte\u2010macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor and chronic nasal hypereosinophilia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Eugenio","family":"De Corso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery\u2014Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Catholic University School of Medicine and Surgery  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Baroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and 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