{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T18:24:49Z","timestamp":1783967089760,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,14]],"date-time":"2015-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1439510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005640","name":"Flight Attendants Medical Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CIA13006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIA13006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005640","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"University of Colorado Department of Otolaryngology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although cigarette smoking aggravates chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), a detailed examination of the sinus microbiota in CRS and its clinical subtypes has yet to be performed in relation to history of smoking. Consequently, we examined associations between smoking history and sinonasal microbiome alterations in both CRS and non\u2010CRS populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Middle meatus swabs collected during endoscopic sinus surgery were analyzed by analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences. Multiple analysis of variance tests were performed to determine whether microbiome composition varied with smoking history and other clinical\/demographic covariates associated with CRS subtypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total 70 CRS patients and 31 control subjects were analyzed. In a univariate analysis, smoking (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.04), preoperative antibiotics (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.03), and purulence (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0002) were significantly associated with the genus\u2010level composition of the middle meatus microbiota. When included in a multivariable model, smoking was found to have significant interactions with CRS (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.02), polyposis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.03), purulence (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0004), and use of saline rinses (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.05). Diverse bacterial taxa differed significantly in abundance between never\u2010smokers and current\/former smokers, as well as between different CRS subtypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Substantial changes in sinus bacterial colonization were observed in smokers and nonsmokers. Although the microbiota of both CRS and non\u2010CRS subjects were altered with smoking history, different bacterial taxa were affected by smoking in the 2 patient groups. Thus, the effects of smoking on the sinus microbiota are likely to be modified by physiological and immunological functions of the underlying sinus mucosa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,14]],"date-time":"2015-08-14T08:03:33Z","timestamp":1439539413000},"page":"981-989","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Impact of cigarette smoking on the middle meatus microbiome in health and chronic rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Vijay R.","family":"Ramakrishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Colorado School of Medicine  Denver CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel N.","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases University of Colorado School of Medicine  Denver CO"},{"name":"Microbiome Research Consortium University of Colorado School of Medicine  Denver CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.20003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240301700106"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2002.129815"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70464-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240301700103"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23317"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21438"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.20050"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2009.23.3366"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21054"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200307000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.126.8.940"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2009.01995.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200401000-00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prognostic factors, outcomes and staging in ethmoid sinus surgery","volume":"102","author":"Kennedy DW.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2002.129816"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000182825.82910.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","first-page":"252","article-title":"One\u2010year outcome analysis of functional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic sinusitis","volume":"27","author":"Sobol SE","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-6-28"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2009.23.3377"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348941112001103"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015700"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085507"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.06.726"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.1.295-303.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0706625104"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02272-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-007-9320-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-362"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts252"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm864"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","volume-title":"Measuring Biological Diversity","author":"Magurran AE.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9993.2001.01070.pp.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","unstructured":"OksanenJ KindtR LegendreP et\u00a0al.Vegan: Community Ecology Package. 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