{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:14:43Z","timestamp":1791332083866,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]],"date-time":"2015-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A subgroup of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients is refractory to optimal surgical therapy and requires multiple revision sinus operations. Studies have shown that mucosal eosinophilia correlates with disease severity. We hypothesized that a high\u2010grade tissue inflammatory load is associated with these refractory patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A single\u2010surgeon, retrospective case\u2010control study comparing 20 CRSwNP patients requiring a second surgery during follow\u2010up (refractory group) vs a matched cohort of 20 CRSwNP patients without needing further revision surgery (control group). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E)\u2010stained tissue harvested intraoperatively (\u00d72 for the refractory group) were recalled for histopathological examination of subepithelial inflammation and basement membrane (BM) thickness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The refractory group had a significantly higher average eosinophil count (49 vs 18), relative eosinophilia (55% vs 32%) as well as total inflammatory cell count (86 vs 49) than the control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). However within the refractory group, the eosinophil\u2010lymphocyte ratio was reduced from their first to their second (revision) surgeries whereas the total averaged inflammatory cell count remained unchanged. No significant difference in BM thickness was found between the groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest that a higher inflammatory and eosinophilic load is associated with refractory disease and thus may be useful in predicting need for future revision surgery in CRSwNP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]],"date-time":"2015-11-17T13:57:04Z","timestamp":1447768624000},"page":"248-255","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Subepithelial inflammatory load and basement membrane thickening in refractory chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis: a histopathological study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Bassiouni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery\u2013Otorhinolaryngology, Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Adelaide  Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery\u2013Otorhinolaryngology, Head &amp; 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