{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T08:57:48Z","timestamp":1771059468449,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,16]],"date-time":"2016-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Investigations into the distribution of sinus irrigations have been limited by labor\u2010intensive methodologies that do not capture the full dynamics of irrigation flow. The purpose of this study was to validate the accuracy of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for sinonasal irrigations through a cadaveric experiment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endoscopic sinus surgery was performed on 2 fresh cadavers to open all 8 sinuses, including a Draf III procedure for cadaver 1, and Draf IIb frontal sinusotomies for cadaver 2. Computed tomography maxillofacial scans were obtained preoperatively and postoperatively, from which CFD models were created. Blue\u2010dyed saline in a 240\u2010mL squeeze bottle was used to irrigate cadaver sinuses at 60 mL\/second (120 mL per side, over 2 seconds). These parameters were replicated in CFD simulations. Endoscopes were placed through trephinations drilled through the anterior walls of the maxillary and frontal sinuses, and sphenoid roofs. Irrigation flow into the maxillary, frontal, and sphenoid sinuses was graded both ipsilateral and contralateral to the side of nasal irrigation, and then compared with the CFD simulations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In both cadavers, preoperative and postoperative irrigation flow into maxillary, frontal, and sphenoid sinuses matched extremely well when comparing the CFD models and cadaver endoscopic videos. For cadaver 1, there was 100% concordance between the CFD model and cadaver videos, and 83% concordance for cadaver 2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cadaveric experiment provided potential validation of the CFD model for simulating saline irrigation flow into the maxillary, frontal, and sphenoid sinuses before and after sinus surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,16]],"date-time":"2016-02-16T09:12:58Z","timestamp":1455613978000},"page":"423-428","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Cadaveric validation study of computational fluid dynamics model of sinus irrigations before and after sinus surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"John R.","family":"Craig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Henry Ford Health System  Detroit MI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Ohio State University  Columbus OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ngoc","family":"Doan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Drexel University  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sammy","family":"Khalili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John Y.K.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nithin D.","family":"Adappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James N.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2009.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31818208c1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21092"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2008.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2008.22.3221"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000149463.95950.c5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25666"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjh033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2006.20.2848"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy &amp; Rhinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Falr.21677","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alr.21677","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T15:10:56Z","timestamp":1696605056000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/alr.21677"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,16]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/alr.21677"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alr.21677","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-6976","2042-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-6976","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-6984","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,16]]}}}