{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T13:16:39Z","timestamp":1790946999722,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,17]],"date-time":"2016-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data has emerged on possible beneficial effects of probiotics in respiratory tract viral infections, but it is unclear if the promising positive effects evidenced are due to a reduced viral load during infections. The aims of this work were to investigate the effect of peroral probiotic <jats:italic>Lactobacillus rhamnosus<\/jats:italic> GG (American Type Culture Collection [ATCC], Accession No. 53103) consumption on human rhinovirus (HRV) load in nasopharyngeal lavage samples in experimental HRV infection, and to correlate viral load to clinical symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intranasal HRV A39 inoculation was performed on 59 adults, who had consumed juice enriched with live or heat\u2010inactivated <jats:italic>L. rhamnosus<\/jats:italic> GG or control juice for 3 weeks prior to inoculation in a randomized, controlled, pilot trial setting. Nasopharyngeal lavage samples and symptom data were analyzed on day 0 before inoculation, and on days 2 and 5. Samples were subjected to quantitative HRV detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Before inoculation 9 of 59 (15%) samples presented with another HRV strain than the studied A39. There was a tendency toward the lowest HRV loads in the <jats:italic>L. rhamnosus<\/jats:italic> GG groups and the highest in placebo group (log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> copies\/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.20 [5.18 to 7.40] in live, 6.30 [4.91 to 7.08] in inactivated <jats:italic>L. rhamnosus<\/jats:italic> GG, and 7.25 [5.81 to 7.52] in placebo group, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.57 in day 2) in the wild\u2010type excluded population. The HRV load positively correlated with the symptom scores on days 2 and 5 (correlation coefficient 0.61 [<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001] and 0.28 [<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.034], respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results did not show statistical differences in viral loads in subjects using <jats:italic>L. rhamnosus<\/jats:italic> GG when compared to placebo. HRV load positively correlated with the total symptom scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,19]],"date-time":"2016-03-19T02:15:36Z","timestamp":1458353736000},"page":"848-853","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Human rhinovirus in experimental infection after peroral <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus<\/i> GG consumption, a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Tapiovaara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minna","family":"Kumpu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valio Ltd  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacology, Medical Nutrition Physiology University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harri","family":"M\u00e4kivuokko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u00e4kivuokko Consulting  Kirkkonummi Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matti","family":"Waris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riitta","family":"Korpela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacology, Medical Nutrition Physiology University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Pitk\u00e4ranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Winther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Virginia  Charlottesville VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00045391-200305000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00077-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00226"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-014-3345-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2015.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/med.20125"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"515","article-title":"Treatment of the common cold","volume":"75","author":"Simasek 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