{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:47:27Z","timestamp":1792180047641,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]],"date-time":"2016-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fungal hypersensitivity and fungal microbiome dysbiosis are possible etiologies of chronic rhinosinusitis. The sinus fungal microbiome is not well characterized; novel sinus\u2010associated fungi, including <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic>, have only recently been described. The goals for this study were to verify <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> as a dominant component of the sinus microbiome, to speciate sinus <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic>, and to compare select fungal species in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) subtypes with known fungal association to chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps (CRSwNP) and healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010eight patients were enrolled and categorized as CRSwNP (n = 15), fungus ball (n = 3), allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS, n = 3), or healthy control (n = 7). Brush samples were taken from ethmoid or maxillary sinus mucosa and tested for DNA from 7 index fungi using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Index fungal species were chosen based on existing data of the sinus fungal microbiome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> species were detected in 68% of patients, without variation among clinical phenotypes (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.99). <jats:italic>Malassezia restricta<\/jats:italic> was more commonly detected than <jats:italic>Malassezia globosa<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.029). Presence of one <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> species predicted the presence of the other (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.035). <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> was identified in 2 of 3 of fungus ball patients (both <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>) and 2 of 3 AFRS patients (1 <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic> and 1 <jats:italic>A. flavus<\/jats:italic>). <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> was absent in control and CRSwNP patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study confirmed and speciated <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> in healthy and diseased sinuses. Presence of <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> species in all groups suggests a commensal role for the fungus. Future work will determine whether <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> influences CRS pathogenesis. <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> species were identified in fungal CRS subtypes despite negative surgical cultures, highlighting the importance of culture\u2010independent technology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]],"date-time":"2016-05-06T16:56:02Z","timestamp":1462553762000},"page":"950-955","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Evaluation of <i>Malassezia<\/i> and Common Fungal Pathogens in Subtypes of Chronic Rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Jonathan T.","family":"Gelber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University School of Medicine  Nashville TN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily K.","family":"Cope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew N.","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven D.","family":"Pletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2009.23.3355"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003783"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085507"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21428"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.22398"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21297"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240401800104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2005.10.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-007-0542-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23295"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2012.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1221789"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"399","article-title":"Lalwani AK","volume":"111","author":"Catten MD","year":"2001","journal-title":"Detection of fungi in the nasal mucosa using polymerase chain reaction. 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