{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T05:23:51Z","timestamp":1788067431563,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,7]],"date-time":"2016-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2R01 DC005805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2R01 DC005805"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have been found to have cognitive deficit, as identified using the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), but the exact etiology of cognitive decline is unknown. In this study we aimed to determine whether improvement in concomitant inflammation and disease burden in CRS, using endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), improves cognitive deficit. We also sought to identify comorbid conditions that effect improvement likelihood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Study participants (n = 247) with and without nasal polyposis (CRSwNP, CRSsNP) were prospectively enrolled in this multi\u2010institutional, observational outcomes study. Pre\u2010 and postoperative cognitive dysfunction was evaluated using the CFQ instrument. Quality of life (QOL) and disease burden was also evaluated using the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI), the 22\u2010item SinoNasal Outcome Test (SNOT\u201022), nasal endoscopy, computed tomography, and the 2\u2010item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ\u20102).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Average CFQ total scores improved significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.012) after ESS for patients with follow\u2010up (n = 141). Participants with CRSwNP (n = 51) reported significant postoperative improvements in mean CFQ total scores (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.002) and CFQ distractibility and blunders domain scores (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> \u2264 0.006). No significant postoperative improvement for any average CFQ score was found in CRSsNP (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.086). The magnitude of postoperative improvement in CFQ total and domain mean scores was statistically similar between CRSsNP and CRSwNP (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.115). Depressive disorder, identified using PHQ\u20102 screening, was the only comorbid condition significantly associated with measurable cognitive deficit (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with CRS have measurable cognitive decline, and ESS may modestly improve cognitive deficit\/CFQ scores. Future investigations are needed to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for cognitive deficit in patients with CRS and significant associations with depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,7]],"date-time":"2016-07-07T10:37:30Z","timestamp":1467887850000},"page":"1264-1272","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Endoscopic sinus surgery improves cognitive dysfunction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Jeremiah A.","family":"Alt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Department of Surgery University of Utah School of Medicine  Salt Lake City UT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jess C.","family":"Mace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhinology and Skull Base Division Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Oregon Health &amp; Science University  Portland OR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhinology and Skull Base Division Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Oregon Health &amp; Science University  Portland OR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary M.","family":"Soler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21408"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21364"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21581"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21578"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15324826AN1002_05"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000314225"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073814563140"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2006.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.073411"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)62273-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21458"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2010.07.014"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline: adult sinusitis","volume":"137","author":"Rosenfeld RM","year":"2007","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2013.821172"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1982.tb01421.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191108324440"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1992.tb02443.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1997.01900110025004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2009.01995.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2014.1045"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLR.0000093487.78664.3C"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-59989770005-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"183","article-title":"Staging in rhinosinusitus","volume":"31","author":"Lund VJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(84)90269-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","volume-title":"The Brief Smell Identification Test Adminstration Manual","author":"Doty R.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24040"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24715"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21656"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2007.01908.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8998.8.4.316"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.v14.i3-4.70"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1999.79.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21217"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","first-page":"396195","article-title":"The relationship between negative affect and reported cognitive failures","volume":"2014","author":"Payne TW","year":"2014","journal-title":"Depress Res Treat"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.07.245"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-004-0463-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2012.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890310004075"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2007.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2003.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.06111792"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599810391625"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy &amp; 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