{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:45:23Z","timestamp":1788281123488,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,31]],"date-time":"2016-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The impact of failed cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSF) leak repair in endoscopic skull base surgery has not been adequately studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this investigation we reviewed patients who had undergone endoscopic skull base surgery between 2002 and 2014 at 7 international centers. Demographic variables, comorbidities, tumor characteristics, and repair techniques were evaluated to determine association with successful repair of CSF leak. Postoperative complications and length of stay were compared among groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were collected on 2097 patients who were divided into 3 groups: (1) those with no intraoperative leak (n = 1533); (2) those with successful repair of their intraoperative leak (n = 452); and (3) those with failed repair (n = 112). Compared with successful repair, failed repair was associated with an increased risk of intracranial infection (odds ratio [OR], 5.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.3\u201013.15), pneumocephalus (OR, 16; 95% CI, 5.8\u201044.4), 30\u2010day readmission (OR, 8.4; 95% CI, 5.3\u201013.5), reoperation (OR, 115.4; 95% CI, 56.3\u2010236.8), and prolonged hospital stay (14.9 vs 7.0 days, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). Outcomes in patients who had successful repairs of intraoperative leaks were similar to those who never had leakage. Intraoperative use of pedicled nasoseptal flaps was associated with successful repair (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.34\u20100.92).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intraoperative CSF leaks are a frequent and expected occurrence during endoscopic skull base surgery. Failed CSF leak repair has a significant impact on patient outcomes, with increased rates of postoperative pneumocephalus, intracranial infections, reoperation, deep vein thrombosis, readmission, and prolonged hospital stay. Recognition and repair of intraoperative CSF leaks reduces postoperative complications. Use of pedicled nasoseptal flaps improves outcomes in reconstructing defects at higher risk for postoperative leak.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,31]],"date-time":"2016-08-31T18:42:45Z","timestamp":1472668965000},"page":"80-86","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Successful repair of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks improves outcomes in endoscopic skull base surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Arash","family":"Shahangian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary M.","family":"Soler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah K.","family":"Wise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Emory University  Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shruthi K.","family":"Rereddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Emory University  Atlanta GA"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zara M.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Stanford University  Stanford CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelson M.","family":"Oyesiku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Emory University  Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"DelGaudio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Emory University  Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constantinos G.","family":"Hadjipanayis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Emory University  Atlanta GA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Mount Sinai Beth Israel  New York City NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradford A.","family":"Woodworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen O.","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Toronto St. Michael's Hospital  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Cusimano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery University of Toronto St. Michael's Hospital  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satish","family":"Govindaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Mount Sinai Hospital  New York City NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohemmed N.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Mount Sinai Hospital  New York City NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alkis","family":"Psaltis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Wormald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Santoreneos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raj","family":"Sindwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Rhinology Head and Neck Institute and the Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor &amp; Neuro\u2010Oncology Center Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Trosman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Rhinology Head and Neck Institute and the Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor &amp; Neuro\u2010Oncology Center Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janalee K.","family":"Stokken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; 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