{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T14:00:33Z","timestamp":1783605633308,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,12]],"date-time":"2016-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Meda Pharmaceuticals and Stallergenes"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency is associated with many inflammatory respiratory disease states. However, serum vitamin D concentrations may not reflect tissue\u2010specific availability. In this study we sought to assess the local expression of genes essential in vitamin D regulation in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study of adult patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery was performed. Patients were defined as having CRS with polyps (CRSwNP) or without polyps (CRSsNP), or normal sinus mucosa. Sinus mucosal biopsies were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction to determine expression of genes encoding the vitamin D receptor (<jats:italic>VDR<\/jats:italic>), 25\u2010hydroxylase (<jats:italic>CYP2R1<\/jats:italic>), 1\u03b1\u2010hydroxylase (<jats:italic>CYP27B1<\/jats:italic>), and 24\u2010hydroxylase (<jats:italic>CYP24A1<\/jats:italic>). Expression levels correlated with serum 25(OH)D [sum 25(OH)D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u00a0and 25(OH)D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>], the 22\u2010item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT\u201022), and Nasal Symptom Score (NSS). Separate analyses were performed for patients grouped by tissue eosinophilia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010one patients were assessed (age 49.47 \u00b1 18.14 years, 48.4% female), including 8 CRSsNP, 10 CRSwNP, and 13 controls. CRSsNP and CRSwNP mucosa exhibited decreased <jats:italic>CYP27B1<\/jats:italic> compared with controls (0.0437 [Interquartile range (IQR) 0.0999] vs 0.3260 [IQR 2.9384] vs 0.6557 [IQR 1.1005], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.039), whereas <jats:italic>CYP24A1<\/jats:italic> was upregulated (0.8522 [IQR 1.3170] vs 1.2239 [IQR 4.4197] vs 0.1076 [IQR 0.1791], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.025). <jats:italic>CYP24A1<\/jats:italic> was upregulated in both non\u2010eosinophilic CRS and eosinophilic CRS (1.1337 [IQR 2.3790] vs 0.9555 [IQR 3.2811] vs 0.1076 [IQR 0.1791], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.033). Significant correlations were observed between NSS and <jats:italic>CYP2R1<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.432, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.022), <jats:italic>CYP24A1<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.420, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.026), and <jats:italic>VDR<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.425, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.024), although no correlations with serum 25(OH)D were observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The local regulation of vitamin D in sinonasal tissue during CRS may be independent of serum 25(OH)D levels. Vitamin D may be dysregulated at multiple levels, with decreased transcription of the metabolic gene <jats:italic>CYP27B1<\/jats:italic> and increased transcription of the catabolic gene <jats:italic>CYP24A1<\/jats:italic> observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,12]],"date-time":"2016-09-12T12:32:42Z","timestamp":1473683562000},"page":"169-176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Vitamin D pathway regulatory genes encoding 1\u03b1\u2010hydroxylase and 24\u2010hydroxylase are dysregulated in sinonasal tissue during chronic rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jenna M.","family":"Christensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhinology and Skull Base Research Group St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research University of New South Wales  Sydney NSW 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