{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T16:49:13Z","timestamp":1776185353725,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,14]],"date-time":"2016-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DC014747"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DC014747"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005640","name":"Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIA13006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIA13006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005640","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multifactorial inflammatory airway disorder in which bacteria are implicated in the initiation and\/or sustenance of disease in some patients. The sinuses are colonized by bacteria even in health, and the potential for sinus\u2010specific niches harboring unique microbial consortia raises questions for clinical and research investigation. The objective was to determine the degree to which resident upper airways microbiota differ between individuals and anatomic sites, in order to determine the optimal site of microbial sampling for study in CRS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight CRS patients undergoing primary surgery were sampled bilaterally at the anterior nares, middle meatus, nasopharynx, maxillary sinus, frontal sinus, and sphenoid sinus for investigation using broad\u2010range bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between\u2010subject variability in bacterial microbiota was substantially greater than within\u2010subject variability. The middle meatus was fairly representative of the underlying sinuses, although corynebacteria were detected at higher abundances in the middle meatus, relative to the maxillary (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.1), frontal (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), or sphenoid (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.1) sinuses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interpersonal variation of the upper airway microbiome greatly outweighs niche\u2010specific differences. The middle meatus is a fair representation of the underlying sinuses and may be considered for use as a simple single site for sampling in longitudinal studies or in subjects who have not undergone sinus surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,14]],"date-time":"2016-09-14T14:52:48Z","timestamp":1473864768000},"page":"16-23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Investigation of sinonasal microbiome spatial organization in chronic rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Vijay R.","family":"Ramakrishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Colorado School of Medicine  Denver CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Gitomer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of 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