{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:25:45Z","timestamp":1786976745931,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,29]],"date-time":"2016-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008582","name":"McGill university","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008582","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Providing alternative training modalities may improve trainees\u2019 ability to perform septoplasty. Three\u2010dimensional printing has been shown to be a powerful tool in surgical training. The objectives of this study were to explain the development of our 3\u2010dimensional (3D) printed septoplasty training model, to assess its face and content validity, and to present evidence supporting its ability to distinguish between levels of surgical proficiency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Imaging data of a patient with a nasal septal deviation was selected for printing. Printing materials reproducing the mechanical properties of human tissues were selected based on literature review and prototype testing. Eight expert rhinologists, 6 senior residents, and 6 junior residents performed endoscopic septoplasties on the model and completed a postsimulation survey. Performance metrics in quality (final product analysis), efficiency (time), and safety (eg, perforation length, nares damage) were recorded and analyzed in a study\u2010blind manner.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The model was judged to be anatomically correct and the steps performed realistic, with scores of 4.05 \u00b1 0.82 and 4.2 \u00b1 1, respectively, on a 5\u2010point Likert scale. Ninety\u2010two percent of residents desired the simulator to be integrated into their teaching curriculum. There was a significant difference (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) between the expert, intermediate, and novice groups in time taken and nares cuts, whereas other performance metrics showed no significant difference.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To our knowledge, there are no other simulator training models for septoplasty. Our model incorporates 2 different materials mixed into the 3 relevant consistencies necessary to simulate septoplasty. Our findings provide evidence supporting the validity of the model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,29]],"date-time":"2016-11-29T08:54:33Z","timestamp":1480409673000},"page":"399-404","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Development and validation of a septoplasty training model using 3\u2010dimensional printing technology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Mahmoud A.","family":"AlReefi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery McGill University  Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lily H.P.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery McGill University  Montreal QC Canada"},{"name":"Center for Medical Education McGill University  Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc G.","family":"Mongeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering McGill University  Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bassam ul","family":"Haq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering McGill University  Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddharth","family":"Boyanapalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering McGill University  Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nauman","family":"Hafeez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering McGill University  Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francois","family":"Cegarra\u2010Escolano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering McGill University  Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc A.","family":"Tewfik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery McGill University  Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20777"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsbull.2014.96.2.e10"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890701881788"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2014.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2013.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813518008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4408","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2006.260542","article-title":"ElePhant\u2014an anatomical electronic phantom as simulation system for otologic surgery","volume":"1","author":"Grunert R","year":"2006","journal-title":"Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-010-0476-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(79)90073-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4923294"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.1493"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019508"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.05.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-15-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100010102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000247057.16710.be"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2923.2003.01594.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(98)00327-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2003.01204.x"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy &amp; 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