{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T12:33:44Z","timestamp":1789994024104,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]],"date-time":"2017-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Little is known about the role of environmental exposures in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). In this study, we measured the impact of air pollutants (particulate matter 2.5 [PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>] and black carbon [BC]) on CRS with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spatial modeling from pollutant monitoring sites was used to estimate exposures surrounding residences for patients meeting inclusion criteria (total patients, n = 234; CRSsNP, n = 96; CRSwNP, n = 138). Disease severity outcome measures included modified Lund\u2010Mackay score (LMS), systemic steroids, number of functional endoscopic sinus surgeries (FESS), and 22\u2010item Sino\u2010Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT\u201022) score. PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> and BC exposures were correlated with outcome measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> and BC findings were not significantly different between CRSwNP and CRSsNP patients or patients with and without asthma. Among those with CRSsNP, PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> was significantly associated with undergoing FESS. For each unit increase in PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>, there was a 1.89\u2010fold increased risk in the proportion of CRSsNP patients who required further surgery (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.015). This association was not identified in CRSwNP patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.445). BC was also significantly associated with SNOT\u201022 score in the CRSsNP group. For each 0.1\u2010unit increase in BC, there was a 7.97\u2010unit increase in SNOT\u201022 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.008). A similar, although not significant, increase in SNOT\u201022 was found with increasing BC in the CRSwNP group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.728).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Air pollutants correlate with CRS symptom severity that may be influenced by exposure levels, with a more pronounced impact on CRSsNP patients. This study is the first to demonstrate the possible role of inhalant pollutants in CRS phenotypes, addressing a critical knowledge gap in environmental risk factors for disease progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]],"date-time":"2017-12-06T11:42:47Z","timestamp":1512560567000},"page":"377-384","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Air pollutants may be environmental risk factors in chronic rhinosinusitis disease progression"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Leila J.","family":"Mady","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah L.","family":"Schwarzbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  Pittsburgh PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Boudreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Willson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Department of Otolaryngology San Antonio Military Medical Center  San Antonio TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella E.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2013.27.3981"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24630"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25180"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21573"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.06.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"United States Environmental Protection Agency.Particulate matter (PM) basics.https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/pm-pollution\/particulate-matter-pm-basics-PM. 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