{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T20:58:58Z","timestamp":1762376338769,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]],"date-time":"2018-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007077","name":"National Institute of Biomedical Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ID10\u201043 to K.M."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID10\u201043 to K.M."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007077","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007786","name":"National Center for Child Health and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007786","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is known to have 2 phenotypes in East Asia. Eosinophilic CRSwNP (ECRSwNP), defined as tissue eosinophilia and easily recurrent, is distinguished from other non\u2010eosinophilic CRSwNP (NECRSwNP) types. However, the pathogenesis of each remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nasal polyp tissues from ECRS (ECRSwNP) and NECRS (NECRSwNP) patients were obtained, and their comprehensive gene expression profiles were investigated by microarray analysis. Bioinformatics approaches (eg, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis [IPA]) were used to interrogate the data sets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) collectively showed that ECRSwNP and NECRSwNP had distinct gene expression patterns. Of note, these genes could be divided into 8 distinctive clusters having different expression patterns and functions. Upstream Regulator Analysis revealed that not only T\u2010helper 2 (Th2) and the eosinophilia\u2013related molecules (interleukin 4 [IL4], IL5, and colony stimulating factor 2 [CSF2]) reported so far, but also cell cycle regulators (cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A [CDKNA1] and cyclin D1 [CCND1]) and a tissue fibrosis\u2013related molecule (transforming growth factor \u03b2 [TGF\u03b2]) were identified in ECRSwNP. On the other hand, mainly interferons (IFNs) and acute inflammatory cytokines (IL1 and IL6) were predicted as upstream regulators in NECRSwNP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results are useful for understanding the molecular basis of the mechanisms of CRSwNP and point to new targets for developing specific biomarkers and personalized therapeutic strategies for CRSwNP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]],"date-time":"2018-01-16T13:38:06Z","timestamp":1516109886000},"page":"592-604","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Distinct gene expression profiles and regulation networks of nasal polyps in eosinophilic and non\u2010eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Naoko","family":"Okada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy and Immunology National Research Institute for 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