{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T20:44:09Z","timestamp":1777063449280,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,27]],"date-time":"2018-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interest in the pathophysiology and management of phantom smells has increased rapidly over the last decade. A PubMed search for the term \u201cphantosmia\u201d demonstrated a near\u2010doubling of articles published on phantosmia within the past 7 years. We aimed to systematically review the literature on the management of phantosmia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for articles published since January 1990, using terms combined with pertinent Boolean search operators. We included articles evaluating management of phantosmia written in the English language, with original data and a minimum of 6 months of follow\u2010up, on at least 2 patients and with well\u2010defined and measurable outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 2151 unique titles were returned upon the initial search. Of these, 146 abstracts were examined, yielding 7 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. All articles were predominantly level 4 evidence. One prospective level 3 study was included. The studies included a total of 96 patients, with follow\u2010up ranging from 6 months to 11 years. Endpoints were primarily based on subjective patient responses. Management options included observation and medical and surgical therapy. Olfactory mucosa excision was the only surgical intervention studied, with short\u2010term symptomatic improvement in 10 of 11 patients. Forty\u2010one patients were treated medically, which included antipsychotic, antimigraine, and antiseizure medications, transcranial stimulation, and topical cocaine application.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite increasing interest in the treatment of phantosmia and reports of successful therapies, there remains a paucity of data and lack of consensus regarding optimal management of this difficult condition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,27]],"date-time":"2018-02-27T16:37:58Z","timestamp":1519749478000},"page":"790-796","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Management of long\u2010lasting phantosmia: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0410-3010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamad Z.","family":"Saltagi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis IN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cyrus C.","family":"Rabbani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis IN"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Indiana University Health  Indianapolis IN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan Y.","family":"Ting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis IN"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Indiana University Health  Indianapolis IN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas S.","family":"Higgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Louisville  Louisville KY"},{"name":"Kentuckiana Ear, Nose &amp; 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