{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T09:39:44Z","timestamp":1783676384366,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]],"date-time":"2018-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Medarva Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to demonstrate how direct electrical stimulation can activate the olfactory bulb after denervation of the olfactory nerve input.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sprague\u2010Dawley rats (n = 5) were anesthetized and olfactory bulbs exposed. Olfactory nerves were transected by passing a Teflon blade between the cribriform plate and ventral surface of the bulb. A cochlear implant electrode array was used to stimulate 6 different positions along the ventral surface of the olfactory bulb. Biphasic constant\u2010current pulses were used (50\u20101000 \u03bcA, 50\u20131000 \u03bcs) to stimulate the bulb, and a 16\u2010electrode paddle array was used to record localized negative field potential responses at the dorsal surface of the bulb.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Localized negative field potentials were reliably obtained using biphasic, 500\u2010\u03bcA, 200\u2010\u03bcs pulses. A shift in stimulating position by 1 mm resulted in a significant change in the dorsal field potential.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Direct stimulation of the deafferented olfactory bulb was effective in generating localized field potential responses. These findings support the potential use of direct electrical stimulation for the treatment of anosmia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]],"date-time":"2018-05-02T19:15:32Z","timestamp":1525288532000},"page":"922-927","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Activation of the rat olfactory bulb by direct ventral stimulation after nerve transection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6485-2075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel H.","family":"Coelho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine  Richmond"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine  Richmond VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leandro D.","family":"Socolovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine  Richmond"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine  Richmond VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6839-3520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard M.","family":"Costanzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine  Richmond"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine  Richmond VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10650.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjv057"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.130.3.317"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.127.5.497"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599816646358"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/25.2.199"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(96)80053-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81387-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/76641"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80803-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/79857"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-06-02113.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(90)90009-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(85)90006-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(86)90054-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1249168"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-78418-7"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy &amp; Rhinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Falr.22133","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alr.22133","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T22:34:02Z","timestamp":1694990042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/alr.22133"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/alr.22133"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alr.22133","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-6976","2042-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-6976","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-6984","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-03-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-03-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-05-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}