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It is established that group\u20102 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a subset of immune cells important in orchestrating mucosal type\u20102 response. IL\u201025 is an epithelial\u2010derived cytokine that is a critical activator of ILC2s. Recent evidence demonstrates that specialized taster epithelial cells, such as solitary chemosensory cells (SCCs), may be producers of IL\u201025. To elucidate the relationship between SCCs and ILC2s in CRSwNP, we sought to quantify ILC2s and SCCs to determine if these cell types are enriched in nasal polyps compared to healthy sinonasal mucosa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We quantified SCCs and ILC2s using multicolor flow cytometry in nasal polyps and non\u2010inflamed turbinate mucosa from seven patients and investigated the role of IL\u201013 and dexamethasone on SCC frequency using tissue explants of nasal polyps and turbinate mucosa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>SCCs were found to be the primary source of IL\u201025. Nasal polyps demonstrated higher populations of SCCs (33.0% vs 5.6%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and ILC2s (2.40% vs 0.19%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.008) compared to patient\u2010matched nonpolypoid turbinates. In cultured polyp explants, exogenous IL\u201013 increased the proportion of epithelial SCCs (40.2% IL\u201013 condition vs 28.9% untreated, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.012), and this effect was reversed by addition of dexamethasone (40.2% vs 8.9%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0005).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data support SCC and ILC2 expansion as well as increased IL\u201025 production in nasal polyps and may represent early events in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP. IL\u201013 stimulates proliferation of SCC in a feed\u2010forward loop, a process that is steroid\u2010sensitive.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]],"date-time":"2018-05-09T18:29:23Z","timestamp":1525890563000},"page":"900-906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Solitary chemosensory cells producing interleukin\u201025 and group\u20102 innate lymphoid cells are enriched in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1365-9130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil N.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Kohanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivy W.","family":"Maina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Triantafillou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan D.","family":"Workman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4471-5134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles C.L.","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3475-0718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward C.","family":"Kuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John V.","family":"Bosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nithin D.","family":"Adappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James N.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"De'Broski R.","family":"Herbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noam A.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine  Philadelphia PA"},{"name":"Corporal Michael J. 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