{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T23:42:59Z","timestamp":1771630979373,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]],"date-time":"2019-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although some causes of rhinogenic headache, such as acute sinusitis, have clear diagnostic criteria, others, such as \u201csinus headache\u201d and mucosal contact points, are more nebulous. Misdiagnosis of these entities and primary headaches may result in unnecessary medical or surgical treatment. The purpose of this systematic review is to delineate current understanding of diagnosis and treatment of rhinogenic headaches, including sinus and mucosal contact point headaches, in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>PubMed, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane databases were searched for studies on sinus headache and mucosal contact point headaches in children. Studies were assessed for level of evidence, and risk of bias was assessed by Methodological Index for Non\u2010Randomized Studies (MINORS) scoring. Diagnostic criteria, management strategies, and other clinical data were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Level of evidence was predominantly 4. Forty percent of pediatric patients with migraine had been previously misdiagnosed with sinus headache. Of 327 pediatric patients in two studies, between 55% and 73% had at least 1 cranial autonomic symptom associated with their migraine. For children with mucosal contact point headaches, surgical management in select patients improved headache intensity or severity in 17 (89%) cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of pediatric patients with sinus headache harbor a primary headache disorder, with migraine being most common. Physicians should suspect primary headache disorders in pediatric patients with chronic headaches and a normal exam. Although some case series are supportive of surgical management for mucosal contact point headaches in children, the level of evidence supporting these recommendations is insufficient. High\u2010quality clinical trials are necessary for continuing to improve outcomes in patients with these clinical entities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]],"date-time":"2019-01-15T13:01:04Z","timestamp":1547557264000},"page":"443-451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Rhinogenic headache in pediatric and adolescent patients: an evidence\u2010based review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Brendan C.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2012Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School  Newark NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lea C.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2012Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School  Newark NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter F.","family":"Svider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2012Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School  Newark NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivanna","family":"Nebor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2012Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School  Newark NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam J.","family":"Folbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology William Beaumont Hospital  Royal Oak MI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Sheyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Tennessee Health Science Center  Memphis TN"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology LeBonheur Children's Hospital  Memphis TN"},{"name":"St. Jude Children's Research Hospital  Memphis TN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew P.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Colorado School of Medicine  Aurora CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean Anderson","family":"Eloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2012Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School  Newark NJ"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School  Newark NJ"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Rutgers New Jersey Medical School  Newark NJ"},{"name":"Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey Rutgers New Jersey Medical School  Newark NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2005.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.16.1769"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21095"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.2002.00358.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-011-1643-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-008-0007-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060513475382"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2007.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2013.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"PhillipsB BallC SackettD et\u00a0al. \u201cOxford Center for Evidence\u2010Based Medicine \u2013 Levels of Evidence (March 2009).\u201dhttps:\/\/www.cebm.net\/2009\/06\/oxford-centre-evidence-based-medicine-levels-evidence-march-2009\/. 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