{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T11:35:36Z","timestamp":1767008136288},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,22]],"date-time":"2019-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tivic Health Systems, Inc."},{"name":"Tivic Health Systems Inc. sponsored this clinical trial"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation has proven to be effective in alleviating chronic pain from facial myalgias. We evaluated the efficacy of a novel handheld microcurrent\u2010emitting device in short\u2010term, office\u2010based treatment of patients with sinus pain. This device, which is U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)\u2010cleared, detects and treats regions corresponding to nerve fibers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Randomized, double\u2010blinded, placebo\u2010controlled trial. Seventy\u2010one participants with facial pain attributed to self\u2010reported nasal\/sinus disease were recruited from a tertiary rhinologic practice and the surrounding community and randomly assigned to either office\u2010based use of an active (n = 38) or placebo (n = 33) microcurrent emitter. The study device was repetitively applied by each patient to the bilateral periorbital areas for 5 minutes. A visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain severity was administered before, and 10 minutes after, treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Active microcurrent\u2010treated patients had a reduction in mean pain score from 5.63 pretreatment to 3.97 posttreatment (mean difference, 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20 to 2.12). Patients using the sham device also reported sinus pain reductions (mean difference, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.61 to 1.21). However, the active device demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in pain compared to sham (0.75\u2010point difference, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.007). Notably, 23.7% of patients using the active device had a reduction of 3 or more points by VAS compared to 0% of sham device patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.003). One minor occurrence of transient facial skin erythema was noted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This trial suggests that treatment of rhinologic facial pain using this noninvasive microcurrent device is safe and effective in providing rapid relief of nasal\/sinus pain. Additional studies with longer term follow\u2010up are warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]],"date-time":"2019-01-24T01:32:12Z","timestamp":1548293532000},"page":"352-356","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Microcurrent technology for rapid relief of sinus pain: a randomized, placebo\u2010controlled, double\u2010blinded clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ximena A.","family":"Maul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford CA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica of Chile School of Medicine  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole A.","family":"Borchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter H.","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jayakar V.","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818774006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2005.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-017-0609-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S168650"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0000000000000125"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"259","article-title":"Relief of sinus pain and pressure with fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray: a placebo\u2010controlled trial in patients with allergic rhinitis","volume":"23","author":"Ratner PH","year":"2002","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21539"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815572097"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.150.3699.971"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S156610"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-016-1787-2"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy &amp; Rhinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Falr.22280","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alr.22280","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/alr.22280","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alr.22280","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T20:36:43Z","timestamp":1694378203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/alr.22280"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,22]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/alr.22280"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alr.22280","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-6976","2042-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-6976","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-6984","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-09-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-12-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-01-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}