{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T09:02:46Z","timestamp":1790413366097,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]],"date-time":"2019-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TL1TR001880 (to NNP)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TL1TR001880 (to NNP)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001922","name":"Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GM083204\u201008A1 (to DRH)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM083204\u201008A1 (to DRH)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001922","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001922","name":"Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI095289 (to DRH)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI095289 (to DRH)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001922","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001922","name":"Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DC013588 (to NAC)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DC013588 (to NAC)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001922","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001922","name":"Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UO1AI125940 (to DRH)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UO1AI125940 (to DRH)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001922","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Solitary chemosensory cells (SCCs) are rare epithelial cells enriched in nasal polyps and are the primary source of interleukin\u201025 (IL\u201025), an innate cytokine eliciting T\u2010helper 2 (Th2) immune response. Although it is proposed that SCCs are stimulated by antigens released by upper airway pathogens, the exogenous triggers of human SCCs remain elusive. We studied patients with noninvasive fungal rhinosinusitis to determine whether extracts of <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Alternaria alternata<\/jats:italic> stimulate SCC proliferation as an early event in type 2 inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multicolor flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and enzyme\u2010linked immunoassay were used to interrogate mucosa from patients with mycetomas and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) for SCCs and IL\u201025. Primary sinonasal epithelial cells from AFRS patients and noninflamed inferior turbinates were stimulated with fungal extracts for 72 hours, and SCC population frequency as well as mitotic activity were quantified using flow cytometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>SCCs producing IL\u201025 are enriched in inflamed mucosa compared with intrapatient noninflamed control tissue (38.6% vs 6.5%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.029). In cultured sinonasal epithelial cells from AFRS nasal polyps, <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Alternaria alternata<\/jats:italic> stimulated higher SCC frequency compared with controls (27.4% vs 10.6%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.002; 18.1% vs 10.6%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.046), which led to increased IL\u201025 secretion in culture media (75.5 vs 3.3 pg\/mL, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001; 32.3 vs 3.3 pg\/mL, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.007). Ki\u201067 expression was higher in SCCs grown in fungal stimulation conditions compared with controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although fungal antigens are known to potentiate immune response through innate cytokines, including IL\u201025, the early expansion of SCCs in the presence of fungus has not been described. This early event in the pathogenesis of noninvasive fungal rhinosinusitis may represent a target for intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]],"date-time":"2019-03-20T10:16:55Z","timestamp":1553077015000},"page":"730-737","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Fungal extracts stimulate solitary chemosensory cell expansion in noninvasive fungal rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1365-9130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil N.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2012Head and Neck Surgery Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Triantafillou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2012Head and Neck Surgery Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4426-2718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivy W.","family":"Maina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2012Head and Neck Surgery Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan D.","family":"Workman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2012Head and Neck Surgery Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4471-5134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles C. L.","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2012Head and Neck Surgery Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3475-0718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward C.","family":"Kuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2012Head and Neck Surgery Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Papagiannopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2012Head and Neck Surgery Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John V.","family":"Bosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2012Head and Neck Surgery Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nithin D.","family":"Adappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2012Head and Neck Surgery Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James N.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2012Head and Neck Surgery Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Kohanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2012Head and Neck Surgery Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"De'Broski R.","family":"Herbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noam A.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2012Head and Neck Surgery Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA"},{"name":"Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center  Philadelphia PA"},{"name":"Monell Chemical Senses Center  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.2016.1142874"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2009.23.3311"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"58","article-title":"Innate lymphoid cells: the innate counterpart to T helper cells","volume":"79","author":"Padro Dietz C","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.161"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22142"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200407000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.09.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI72094"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2011.02078.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2015.106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino50E2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21694","article-title":"International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: rhinosinusitis executive summary","volume":"6","author":"Orlandi RR","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20520"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2007.21.3034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-14-134"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.06.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-016-4260-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Nasal IL\u201025 predicts the response to oral\u2010corticosteroid in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP)","volume":"0","author":"Hong H","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13267"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2015.29.4176"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.05.014"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy &amp; Rhinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Falr.22334","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alr.22334","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/alr.22334","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alr.22334","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T03:59:57Z","timestamp":1694318397000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/alr.22334"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/alr.22334"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alr.22334","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-6976","2042-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-6976","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-6984","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-09-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-03-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-03-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}