{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T04:32:32Z","timestamp":1775277152169,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,5]],"date-time":"2019-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003572","name":"American Academy of Otolaryngic Allergy Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F16.Reisacher.WeillCornell)."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F16.Reisacher.WeillCornell)."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003572","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an inflammatory disease of the esophagus, producing failure to thrive in infants and dysphagia with food impaction in older children and adults. Although most people with EoE manifest atopic\/allergic disease, the specific allergens to which immunoglobulin E (IgE) is directed, if any, have not yet been characterized.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mucosal brush biopsy (MBB) and solid tissue biopsy (STB) specimens were prospectively obtained from 25 individuals with dysphagia and suspicion of EoE. Specific IgE (sIgE) against 112 epitopes from airborne and food proteins, antigens known to cause a polyclonal IgE response and IgG4 to food allergens, were measured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no difference in total IgE harvested between the 2 biopsy methods (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05) or between the EoE\u2010positive (N = 12) and EoE\u2010negative (N = 13) groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05). None of the samples in either group contained measurable serum IgE to any of the airborne or food proteins tested, but low levels of IgE specific to <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> enterotoxins were detected. Low levels of IgG4 specific to wheat, soy, peanut, and egg were also detected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both MBB and STB are able to harvest measureable levels of IgE and IgG4 from the esophageal mucosa. Low levels of serum\u2010specific IgE suggest that other inflammatory mechanisms, besides type I, IgE\u2010mediated, allergen\u2010specific hypersensitivity, may act as the primary catalyst for mucosal eosinophilia. Clarifying the role of both IgE\u2010mediated and non\u2012IgE\u2010mediated inflammatory mechanisms will help identify more targeted diagnostic and treatment strategies for individuals who present with dysphagia and esophageal eosinophilia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,6]],"date-time":"2019-04-06T02:50:44Z","timestamp":1554519044000},"page":"870-875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Esophageal IgE, IgG4, and mucosal eosinophilia in individuals with dysphagia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Apoorva T.","family":"Ramaswamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Weill Cornell Medical College  New York NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae Seong","family":"No","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medical College  New York NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lillye","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medical College  New York NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aliza","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Weill Cornell Medical College  New York NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Ciecierega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Weill Cornell Medical College  New York NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Barfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Weill Cornell Medical College  New York NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Weill Cornell Medical College  New York NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felice","family":"Schnoll\u2010Sussman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Weill Cornell Medical College  New York NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William R.","family":"Reisacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Weill Cornell Medical College  New York NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(78)90710-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1502863"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2018.09.452"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2015.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2008.169"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2009.06.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.02.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2015.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21281"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21164"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.178020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","unstructured":"VassarStats.http:\/\/www.vassarstats.net. 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