{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T12:43:22Z","timestamp":1782823402877,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,8]],"date-time":"2019-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Quantitative olfactory testing is essential to determine the validity and nature of a patient's complaint, accurately monitor changes in function over time (including influences of pharmacological, surgical, or immunological interventions), detect malingering, and establish disability compensation. This work describes the clinical validation of an advanced rapid odor detection threshold test that standardizes odorant delivery and eliminates unsanitary sniff bottles, the need for blindfolds, and the possibility of touching an odorant stimulus to the nose.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Snap &amp; Sniff\u00ae single\u2010staircase phenyl ethyl alcohol detection thresholds (S&amp;S\u2010Ts) were assessed bilaterally in 736 patients with chemosensory complaints; 421 received both bilateral and unilateral testing. The results were correlated with scores from the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) and the Smell Threshold Test (STT), a widely\u2010used standardized threshold test. Test\u2010retest reliability data were obtained for 50 patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>S&amp;S\u2010Ts were highly reliable (Spearman <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.84), correlated with the other olfactory test measures (<jats:italic>rs<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.65, <jats:italic>ps<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001), and required significantly shorter administration times than the STT (&lt;10 minutes). Bilateral thresholds were systematically lower than unilateral thresholds, a phenomenon independent of presentation order but dependent upon the better functioning side of the nose. The S&amp;S\u2010Ts were sensitive to age and sex. No systematic left:right nasal side threshold differences were evident.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study validates the use of Snap &amp; Sniff\u00ae technology in the clinic setting. High test\u2010retest reliability and brief administration times were evident. The S&amp;S\u2010T test allows for a reliable, valid, inexpensive, and rapid clinical means for quantitatively assessing human olfactory sensitivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,8]],"date-time":"2019-07-08T14:31:06Z","timestamp":1562596266000},"page":"986-992","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Clinical validation of the olfactory detection threshold module of the Snap &amp; Sniff\u00ae olfactory test system"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Richard L.","family":"Doty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Smell &amp; Taste Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crystal","family":"Wylie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smell &amp; 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