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The nervous system and neuropeptides play an important role in the regulation of immune response. Herein we explore the expression and function of hemokinin\u20101 (HK\u20101), a newly identified tachykinin, along with its receptor neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) in CRSwNP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HK\u20101, NK1R, and C\u2010C motif chemokine ligand 24 (CCL24) expression in nasal tissues (53 eosinophilic CRSwNP, 32 non\u2010eosinophilic CRSwNP, and 33 controls) was investigated by quantitative reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010PCR) and immunofluorescence staining. THP\u20101, a human monocytic leukemia cell line, and eosinophilic polyp tissues were stimulated with HK\u20101. Cells, tissues, and culture supernatants were subsequently collected for detection of the production of various inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by quantitative RT\u2010PCR and enzyme\u2010linked immunoassay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HK\u20101 and NK1R mRNA and protein expression were upregulated in eosinophilic and non\u2010eosinophilic nasal polyps compared with control tissues, with eosinophilic polyps demonstrating a higher upregulation compared with that of non\u2010eosinophilic polyps. Eosinophils constituted the major source of HK\u20101, whereas macrophages were the predominant cell type exhibiting NK1R in eosinophilic polyps. HK\u20101 induced CCL24 production from macrophages differentiated from THP\u20101 cells; this was abolished by an NK1R antagonist. HK\u20101 also induced CCL24 production from ex vivo\u2012cultured eosinophilic nasal polyps. CCL24 was expressed by macrophages in eosinophilic but not non\u2010eosinophilic polyps. The expression level of HK\u20101 correlated with CCL24 expression and tissue eosinophilia in eosinophilic nasal polyps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eosinophil\u2010derived HK\u20101 induces CCL24 production from macrophages and therefore exaggerates eosinophilic inflammation in CRSwNP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]],"date-time":"2019-09-23T16:54:51Z","timestamp":1569257691000},"page":"1334-1345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Hemokinin\u20101 stimulates C\u2010C motif chemokine ligand 24 production in macrophages to enhance eosinophilic inflammation in nasal polyps"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yi\u2010Ke","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi\u2010Chao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan PR 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