{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T06:52:52Z","timestamp":1784357572498,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]],"date-time":"2019-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7172053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7172053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7182034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7182034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81420108009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81420108009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81630023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81630023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nasal irrigation (NI) is commonly used to treat several sinonasal diseases, including chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP); however, the effects of NI on the sinonasal epithelium are not fully known. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of commonly used NI solutions on epithelial mucociliary and barrier functionality in primary cultured human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>HNECs from control subjects and patients with CRSwNP were established as air\u2010liquid interface (ALI) cultures. Differentiated cultures were treated with different NI solutions, including isotonic 0.9% and hypertonic 3.0% saline, isotonic and hypertonic seawater, and Ringer lactate solution. The changes in ciliary beat frequency (CBF), numbers of ciliated and goblet cells, and cytotoxicity were measured. Epithelial barrier functionality was assessed by measuring the transepithelial electric resistance (TER), paracellular flux, and expression of tight junction protein zonula occludens\u20101 (ZO\u20101) and occludin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Isotonic saline, isotonic seawater, and Ringer lactate solutions did not affect epithelial mucociliary and barrier function in either control or CRSwNP\u2010derived ALI cultures; however, hypertonic saline induced a significant disruption of these cell functions in both cultures. Hypertonic seawater caused a transient decrease of CBF and TER in CRSwNP\u2010derived ALI cultures, in contrast to inducing an obvious mucociliary and barrier dysfunction and cytotoxicity in control ALI cultures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although isotonic NI solutions appear to not affect epithelial mucociliary and barrier function in control and CRSwNP\u2010derived ALI cultures, hypertonic saline and seawater solutions damaged sinonasal epithelial cells in ALI cultures. The safety and efficacy of these solutions requires further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]],"date-time":"2019-10-14T23:30:06Z","timestamp":1571095806000},"page":"59-68","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Hypertonic saline and seawater solutions damage sinonasal epithelial cell air\u2010liquid interface cultures"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Jiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Beijing TongRen Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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