{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:09:15Z","timestamp":1790878155830,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]],"date-time":"2019-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DC005805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DC005805"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common causes of olfactory loss, but the pathophysiology underlying olfactory dysfunction in CRS has not been fully elucidated. Previous studies found correlations between olfactory cleft (OC) inflammatory cytokines\/chemokines and olfaction in CRS. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between OC mucus inflammatory proteins and olfaction in a multi\u2010institutional cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adults with CRS were prospectively recruited. Demographics, comorbidities, olfactory assessment (Sniffin\u2019 Sticks), computed tomography (CT), and OC mucus for protein analysis were collected. Statistical analysis was performed to determine associations between olfactory function, OC mucus protein concentrations, and CT opacification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty\u2010two patients were enrolled in the study, with an average age of 48.2 (standard deviation, 16.2) years, and 56.5% were female and 59.7% were classified as CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Ten of 26 OC mucus proteins were significantly correlated with threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) scores and OC opacification. Subgroup analysis by polyp status revealed that, within the CRSwNP group, C\u2010C motif ligand 2 (CCL2), interleukin\u20105 (IL\u20105), IL\u20106, IL\u201013, IL\u201010, IL\u20109, tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1), CCL5, and CCL11 were significantly correlated with olfaction. For CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), only C\u2010X\u2010C ligand 5 (CXCL5) showed a correlation. In CRSwNP, IL\u20106, IL\u201010, vascular endothelial growth factor\u2010A, and immunoglobulin E (IgE) correlated with OC opacification, whereas, in CRSsNP, only CXCL5 showed a correlation. OC mucus proteins and Lund\u2010Mackay score correlated only in the CRSsNP group (CXCL5, IL\u20105, IL\u201013, IgE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several OC mucus proteins have been found to correlate with olfactory function and OC opacification. The profile of OC mucus proteins differs between CRSsNP and CRSwNP subgroups, suggesting different mechanisms between groups, but further study is required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]],"date-time":"2019-12-19T13:20:46Z","timestamp":1576761646000},"page":"343-355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Correlation of mucus inflammatory proteins and olfaction in chronic rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Zachary M.","family":"Soler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2012Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8928-8869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederick","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2012Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodney J.","family":"Schlosser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2012Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Mulligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2012Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2748-0705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijay R.","family":"Ramakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2012Head and Neck Surgery University of Colorado  Aurora CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Beswick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2012Head and Neck Surgery University of Colorado  Aurora CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0560-5028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremiah A.","family":"Alt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2012Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery University of Utah  Salt Lake City UT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose L.","family":"Mattos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology University of Virginia  Charlottesville 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