{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T10:56:11Z","timestamp":1784631371347,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,3]],"date-time":"2020-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>External approaches to the frontal sinus such as osteoplastic flaps are challenging because they require blind entry into the sinus, posing risks of injury to the brain or orbit. Intraoperative computed tomography (CT)\u2010based navigation is the current standard for planning the approach, but still necessitates blind entry into the sinus. The aim of this work was to describe a novel technique for external approaches to the frontal sinus using a holographic augmented reality (AR) application.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our team developed an AR system to create a 3\u2010dimensional (3D) hologram of key anatomical structures, based on CT scans images. Using Magic Leap AR goggles for visualization, the frontal sinus hologram was aligned to the surface anatomy in 6 fresh cadaveric heads\u2019 anatomic boundaries, and the boundaries of the frontal sinus were demarcated based on the margins of the fused image. Trephinations and osteoplastic flap approaches were performed. The specimens were re\u2010scanned to assess the accuracy of the osteotomy with respect to the actual frontal sinus perimeter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Registration and surgery were completed successfully in all specimens. Registration required an average of 2 minutes. The postprocedure CT showed a mean difference of 1.4 \u00b1 4.1 mm between the contour of the osteotomy and the contour of the frontal sinus. One surgical complication (posterior table perforation) occurred (16%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We describe proof of concept of a novel technique utilizing AR to enhance external approaches to the frontal sinus. Holographic AR\u2010enhanced surgical navigation holds promise for enhanced visualization of target structures during surgical approaches to the sinuses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,3]],"date-time":"2020-05-03T14:45:00Z","timestamp":1588517100000},"page":"920-925","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Application of holographic augmented reality for external approaches to the frontal sinus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Caio A.","family":"Neves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford CA"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Bras\u00edlia  Brasilia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yona","family":"Vaisbuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford CA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Rambam Medical Center  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Leuze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"McNab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolas H.","family":"Blevins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter H.","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-018-0122-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e3283419453"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2016.06.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24460"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2016.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21094"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240602000114"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1261267"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA K172418 OpenSight 510(k) Premarket Notification; 2018.https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/cdrh_docs\/pdf17\/K172418.pdf. Accessed February 19 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA K190764 SurgicalAR 510(k) Premarket Notification; 2019.https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/cdrh_docs\/pdf19\/K190764.pdf. Accessed February 19 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-019-01973-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005215"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200006000-00028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22333"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22037"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy &amp; Rhinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Falr.22546","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alr.22546","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/alr.22546","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alr.22546","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T13:35:34Z","timestamp":1694007334000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/alr.22546"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,3]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/alr.22546"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alr.22546","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-6976","2042-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-6976","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-6984","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-09-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}