{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T05:51:55Z","timestamp":1784613115856,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]],"date-time":"2020-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome\u2010coronavirus\u20102 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019), is highly contagious with devastating impacts for healthcare systems worldwide. Medical staff are at high risk of viral contamination and it is imperative to know what personal protective equipment (PPE) is appropriate for each situation. Furthermore, elective clinics and operations have been reduced in order to mobilize manpower to the acute specialties combating the outbreak; appropriate differentiation between patients who require immediate care and those who can receive telephone consultation or whose treatment might viably be postponed is therefore crucial. Italy was 1 of the earliest and hardest\u2010hit European countries and therefore the Italian Skull Base Society board has promulgated specific recommendations based on consensus best practices and the literature, where available. Only urgent surgical operations are recommended and all patients should be tested at least twice (on days 4 and 2 prior to surgery). For positive patients, procedures should be postponed until after swab test negativization. If the procedure is vital to the survival of the patient, filtering facepiece 3 (FFP3) and\/or powered air purifying respirator (PAPR) devices, goggles, full\u2010face visor, double gloves, water\u2010resistant gowns, and protective caps are mandatory. For negative patients, use of at least an FFP2 mask is recommended. In all cases the use of drills, which promote the aerosolization of potentially infected mucous particles, should be avoided. Given the potential neurotropism of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102, dura handling should be minimized. It is only through widely\u2010agreed protocols and teamwork that we will be able to deal with the evolving and complex implications of this new pandemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]],"date-time":"2020-04-29T13:35:30Z","timestamp":1588167330000},"page":"963-967","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Skull\u2010base surgery during the COVID\u201019 pandemic: the Italian Skull Base Society recommendations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Paolo","family":"Castelnuovo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otorhinolaryngology Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences University of Insubria\u2010Varese, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo  Varese Italy"},{"name":"Head and Neck Surgery &amp; Forensic Dissection Research Center, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences University of Insubria  Varese Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3678-9088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Turri\u2010Zanoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otorhinolaryngology Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences University of Insubria\u2010Varese, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo  Varese Italy"},{"name":"Head and Neck Surgery &amp; Forensic Dissection Research Center, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences University of Insubria  Varese Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0129-9908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Apostolos","family":"Karligkiotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otorhinolaryngology Department of Surgical Specialties ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo  Varese Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Battaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otorhinolaryngology Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences University of Insubria\u2010Varese, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo  Varese Italy"},{"name":"Head and Neck Surgery &amp; Forensic Dissection Research Center, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences University of Insubria  Varese Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Pozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurological Surgery Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences University of Insubria\u2010Varese, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo  Varese Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Locatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurological Surgery Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences University of Insubria\u2010Varese, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo  Varese Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Italian Skull Base Society Board, Italian Skull Base Society Board (Societ\u00e0 Italiana Basicranio [SIB])","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Bernucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurological Surgery ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII  Bergamo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Iacoangeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurological Surgery Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti  Ancona Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Krengli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Department of Translational Medicine University Hospital Maggiore della Carit\u00e0, Novara, Italy University of Piemonte Orientale  Novara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapy Unit Department of Neurosurgery Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico C. Besta  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Pareschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology ASST Ovest Milanese, Ospedale Nuovo di Legnano, Legnano (Milan)  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Pompucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitri","family":"Rabbiosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maxillo\u2010Facial Surgery Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, San Paolo Hospital University of Milan  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","article-title":"COVID\u201019 pandemic: effects and 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