{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:48:50Z","timestamp":1790804930862,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]],"date-time":"2020-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Considerable evidence suggests that smell dysfunction is common in coronavirus disease\u20102019 (COVID\u201019). Unfortunately, extant data on prevalence and reversibility over time are highly variable, coming mainly from self\u2010report surveys prone to multiple biases. Thus, validated psychophysical olfactory testing is sorely needed to establish such parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred severe acute respiratory syndrome\u2012coronavirus\u20102 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102)\u2010positive patients were administered the 40\u2010item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) in the hospital near the end of the acute phase of the disease. Eighty\u2010two were retested 1 or 4 weeks later at home. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and mixed\u2010effect regression models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Initial UPSIT scores were indicative of severe microsmia, with 96% exhibiting measurable dysfunction; 18% were anosmic. The scores improved upon retest (initial test: mean, 21.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 20.84\u201023.09; retest: mean, 31.13; 95% CI, 30.16\u201032.10; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001); no patient remained anosmic. After 5 weeks from COVID\u201019 symptom onset, the test scores of 63% of the retested patients were normal. However, the mean UPSIT score at that time continued to remain below that of age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched healthy controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Such scores were related to time since symptom onset, sex, and age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Smell loss was extremely common in the acute phase of a cohort of 100 COVID\u201019 patients when objectively measured. About one third of cases continued to exhibit dysfunction 6 to 8 weeks after symptom onset. These findings have direct implications for the use of olfactory testing in identifying SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 carriers and for counseling such individuals with regard to their smell dysfunction and its reversibility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,6]],"date-time":"2020-08-06T07:25:30Z","timestamp":1596698730000},"page":"1127-1135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Prevalence and reversibility of smell dysfunction measured psychophysically in a cohort of COVID\u201019 patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6794-3092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shima T.","family":"Moein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0768-9168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed MohammadReza","family":"Hashemian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8932-5420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Payam","family":"Tabarsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8378-2623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard L.","family":"Doty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smell &amp; Taste Center Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2012Head and Neck Surgery Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820926473"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Symptoms of coronavirus.2020.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/symptoms-testing\/symptoms.html. 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