{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T11:57:04Z","timestamp":1791633424866,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Common sinonasal disorders include chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), allergic rhinitis (AR), and a deviated nasal septum (DNS), which often coexist with shared common symptoms including nasal obstruction, olfactory dysfunction, and rhinorrhea. Various objective outcome measures and patient\u2010reported outcome measures (PROMs) are used to assess disease severity; however, there is limited evidence in the literature on the correlation between them. This systematic review aims to examine the relationship between them and provide recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A search of MEDLINE and EMBASE identified studies quantifying correlations between objective outcome measures and PROMs for the sinonasal conditions using a narrative synthesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 59 studies met inclusion criteria. For nasal obstruction, rhinomanometry shows a lack of correlation whereas peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) shows the strongest correlation with PROMs (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.5). The Sniffin\u2019 Stick test shows a stronger correlation with PROMs (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.5) than the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.5). Computed tomography (CT) sinus scores show little evidence of correlation with PROMs and nasal endoscopic ratings (weak correlation,\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.5).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, objective outcome measures and PROMs assessing sinonasal symptoms are poorly correlated, and we recommend that objective outcome measures be used with validated PROMs depending on the setting. PNIF should be used in routine clinical practice for nasal obstruction; rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry may be useful in research. The Sniffin\u2019 Sticks test is recommended for olfactory dysfunction with UPSIT as an alternative. CT scores should be excluded as a routine CRS outcome measure, and endoscopic scores should be used in combination with PROMs until further research is conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T12:10:02Z","timestamp":1610539802000},"page":"910-923","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["A systematic review to examine the relationship between objective and patient\u2010reported outcome measures in sinonasal disorders: recommendations for use in research and clinical practice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8747-5329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ngan Hong","family":"Ta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia  Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust  Colchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1125-3236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carl","family":"Philpott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department James Paget University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust  Great Yarmouth UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2011.02646.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(95)70152-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949510410s02"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.1995.tb00007.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-59989770203-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin10.121"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b19780"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino12.000"},{"issue":"29","key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020","volume":"58","author":"Fokkens WJ","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240501900518"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.2004.00915.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2009.02042.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1916-0216-43-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2700"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"Joanna Briggs Institute.JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies.2017.https:\/\/joannabriggs.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2019-05\/JBI_Critical_Appraisal-Checklist_for_Analytical_Cross_Sectional_Studies2017_0.pdf. 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