{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T07:10:36Z","timestamp":1788246636076,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Botulinum toxin type A (BTX\u2010A) is a potential treatment for chronic rhinitis. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of BTX\u2010A in treating patients with chronic rhinitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systematic searches of MEDLINE, Scopus, and EMBASE databases were performed. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the efficacy of BTX\u2010A in allergic rhinitis and\/or nonallergic rhinitis patients, compared with either placebo or active treatment, were included. The outcomes were total nasal symptom (TNSS), disease\u2010specific quality of life (QOL), and adverse events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nine RCTs (340 patients) met the eligibility criteria. Compared with placebo, the \u2264 12\u2010week effects favored BTX\u2010A injection on TNSS (standardized mean difference [SMD] \u20102.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] \u20103.27 to \u20101.17, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01, four RCTs). Beneficial effects\u00a0&gt;\u00a012 weeks over placebo (MD \u20109.69, 95% CI \u201011.29 to \u20108.09, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01, one RCT) were demonstrated up to 24\u00a0weeks. However, the benefits were not shown on nasal congestion and individual nasal symptoms. Compared with active comparators (triamcinolone injection, ipratropium bromide, and cetirizine), there was no difference in the\u00a0&lt;\u00a012\u2010week effect between groups on TNSS. There was no difference between BTX\u2010A and cetirizine on QOL (one RCT). The\u00a0&gt;\u00a012\u2010week effects on TNSS and individual nasal symptoms favored BTX\u2010A over triamcinolone injection (one RCT). The risk ratio of adverse events favored BTX\u2010A over cetirizine (one RCT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>BTX\u2010A improved TNSS and QOL in patients with chronic rhinitis. These effects were demonstrated up to 24\u00a0weeks post treatment. BTX\u2010A was safe, well tolerated, and may be considered in patients who are refractory to current standard\u2010of\u2010care therapies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T16:54:16Z","timestamp":1620406456000},"page":"1538-1548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Botulinum toxin for chronic rhinitis: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Kencho","family":"Rinzin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Endoscopic Nasal and Sinus Surgery Excellent Center King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minh P.","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Endoscopic Nasal and Sinus Surgery Excellent Center King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hue University  Hue Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kachorn","family":"Seresirikachorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Endoscopic Nasal and Sinus Surgery Excellent Center King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kornkiat","family":"Snidvongs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Endoscopic Nasal and Sinus Surgery Excellent Center King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01620.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0108-1675.2004.00389.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2008.01715.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-016-0636-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino11.152"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e3180ca7846"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40521-020-00243-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-008-0898-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200011000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2001.00035.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26616"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.69.2.143"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2042533312472115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940111001110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100158281"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2003.11720744"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2006.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2008.06.031"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Investigation of the effects of intranasal botulinum toxin type a and ipratropium bromide nasal spray on nasal hypersecretion in idiopathic rhinitis without eosinophilia","volume":"46","author":"Sapci T","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rhinology."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-160X-5-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2332\/allergolint.12-OA-0510"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type A on an intranasal sponge for chronic : randomized clinical trial","volume":"11","author":"Shemshadi H","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran Rehabil J"},{"issue":"81","key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"253","article-title":"Effect of botulinum neurotoxin a injection into the submucoperichondrium of the nasal septum in reducing idiopathic non\u2010 and persistent","volume":"27","author":"Mozafarinia K","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989511200410"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000107422"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2015.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2011.01.004"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","first-page":"400","article-title":"Septal injection in comparison with inferior turbinates injection of botulinum toxin A in patients with","volume":"18","author":"Abtahi SM","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"issue":"105","key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","first-page":"203","article-title":"The effect of gelfoam impregnated with botulinum toxin on","volume":"31","author":"Zand V.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iran J Otorhinolaryngol"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy &amp; Rhinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alr.22813","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/alr.22813","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alr.22813","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T23:26:29Z","timestamp":1693005989000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/alr.22813"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/alr.22813"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alr.22813","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-6976","2042-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-6976","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-6984","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-01-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-04-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}