{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T16:04:15Z","timestamp":1770566655730,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,6]],"date-time":"2021-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) olfactory dysfunction remains poorly characterized, often limited by self\u2010reported measures. Given the logistical challenges of psychophysical testing, understanding the longitudinal relationship between self\u2010reported and quantitative measures can help accurately identify patients with persistent olfactory dysfunction. This study aimed to longitudinally correlate measured and subjective olfactory function in COVID\u201019 subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective, longitudinal study evaluating subjective and measured olfaction was conducted on ambulatory COVID\u201019 subjects. Olfaction scores were obtained using a visual analogue scale (VAS) (0 = anosmia, 10 = normosmia) and the validated 12\u2010item Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT). Weekly testing was performed until recovery (BSIT \u2265 9\/12 and\/or VAS = 10\/10) or study completion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty\u2010six polymerase chain reaction (PCR)\u2010positive COVID\u201019 subjects were recruited \u22643 days from diagnosis and 52 completed longitudinal testing. Among those with self\u2010reported smell loss at recruitment, similar levels (75.8%) of objective (BSIT \u2265 9\/12) and subjective recovery were obtained using a VAS cutoff \u22658, yet only 30.3% reported complete subjective recovery (VAS = 10). Median times to objective and complete subjective olfactory recovery were 12 \u00b1 2.3 and 24 \u00b1 3.5 days, respectively. Although both measures showed chemosensory improvement, the distributions of objective and full subjective olfactory recovery differed significantly (log rank test \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 6.46, degrees of freedom [df] = 1, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.011). Overall correlation between BSIT and VAS scores was moderate to strong across longitudinal follow\u2010up (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub> = 0.41\u20130.65).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Self\u2010reported and psychophysically measured COVID\u201019 olfactory dysfunction improve at similar levels and are moderately correlated longitudinally, yet there is a significant delay in complete subjective recovery. Psychophysical testing in conjunction with qualitative assessments may be considered for counseling and follow\u2010up of patients with COVID\u201019 smell loss.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T12:54:19Z","timestamp":1623070459000},"page":"1529-1537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Assessment of patient recognition of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019)\u2010associated olfactory loss and recovery: a longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9693-0469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Divya P.","family":"Prajapati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego School of Medicine University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of California San Diego  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7710-9213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bita","family":"Shahrvini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego School of Medicine University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of California San Diego  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mena","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of California San Diego  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shanmukha","family":"Srinivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego School of Medicine University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of California San Diego  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam S.","family":"DeConde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of California San Diego  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carol H.","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of California San Diego  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22579"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0916-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"Symptoms of coronavirus","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","volume-title":"Coronavirus","author":"World Health Organization 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