{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T08:36:35Z","timestamp":1768898195648,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and septoplasty are commonly performed procedures without standardized postoperative pain regimens. There is reluctance to prescribe opioids for postoperative pain given their potential for abuse. Nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been demonstrated to reduce or even obviate the need for opioid pain medications after otolaryngologic surgeries, but prospective validation is lacking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A randomized, controlled study comparing the efficacy of diclofenac sodium to hydrocodone\/acetaminophen (APAP) after ESS with or without septoplasty was performed. Participants were given a 100\u2010mm visual analog pain scale (VAS) at postoperative days (PODs) 1, 2, 3, and 5 after ESS. Two\u2010sample <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> tests were used to compare pain scores between groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred patients enrolled, and 74 patients provided pain scores to the survey. Pain was greatest for both groups on POD 1. Treatment with diclofenac sodium vs hydrocodone\/APAP did not statistically impact pain scores at PODs 1, 2, 3, or 5. No cases of epistaxis requiring an emergency room visit or return to the operating room were noted during the study period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diclofenac sodium may be non\u2010inferior to hydrocodone\/APAP in treating pain after ESS with or without septoplasty in opioid naive patients without pre\u2010existing pain conditions. Further studies with larger samples are warranted to investigate the potential superiority of diclofenac to hydrocodone\/APAP in certain patients after ESS and septoplasty.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T12:43:09Z","timestamp":1640176989000},"page":"910-916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Are nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs effective enough for postoperative pain control after functional endoscopic sinus surgery and septoplasty? A randomized, controlled study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Alok T.","family":"Saini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery College of Medicine University of Kentucky  Lexington KY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zi Y.","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery McGovern Medical School The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston  Houston TX"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole C.","family":"Starr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery College of Medicine University of Kentucky  Lexington KY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Talmadge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences Medical College of Wisconsin  Kenosha WI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isaac","family":"Schmale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Rochester Medical Center  Rochester NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Radabaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery McGovern Medical School The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston  Houston TX"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9845-2165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William C.","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery McGovern Medical School The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston  Houston TX"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6078-8010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amber U.","family":"Luong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery McGovern Medical School The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston  Houston TX"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin J.","family":"Citardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery McGovern Medical School The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston  Houston TX"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818757999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40463-019-0352-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818757959"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892418773578"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22181"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2017.3343"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561319866824"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818803343"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820915472"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599819832528"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892418773578"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000239108.12081.35"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27616"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28178"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240501900509"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27921"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000002027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.0899"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy &amp; Rhinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alr.22941","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/alr.22941","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alr.22941","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T23:58:30Z","timestamp":1692748710000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/alr.22941"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/alr.22941"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alr.22941","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-6976","2042-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-6976","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-6984","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-03-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}