{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:33:48Z","timestamp":1777890828285,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a potentially fatal perioperative complication. The objective of this study was to assess the rate and risk factors for VTE in endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective review of adults undergoing ESBS at a tertiary academic center. Incidence of VTE in the 30\u2010day postoperative period was recorded. Logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with VTE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1122 ESBS cases performed at Stanford University School of Medicine between 2009 and 2019 were studied. Almost all cases (96.1%) did not employ perioperative VTE chemoprophylaxis. The overall incidence of VTE was 2.3% (26\/1122). Malignant pathologies had a higher rate of VTE compared with nonmalignant pathologies (4.5% vs 2.0%, odds ratio [OR] 2.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22\u20136.66). Factors associated with an increased risk of VTE included a Caprini score greater than 5 (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.28\u20131.83); multiple preoperative endocrinopathies such as the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) (OR 22.48, 95% CI 3.93\u2013128.70), adrenal insufficiency (OR 5.24, 95% CI 1.82\u201315.03), hypercortisolism (OR 4.46, 95% CI 1.47\u201313.56), and hypothyroidism (OR 3.69, 95% CI 1.66\u20138.20); each 10\u2010hour increment of lumbar drain duration (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.08\u20131.25); and each 10\u2010hour increment for duration of hospitalization (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03\u20131.06).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of VTE following ESBS is relatively low at 2.3%. Factors with a higher association of VTE include malignancy, preoperative endocrinopathies, higher Caprini score, prolonged lumbar drain duration, and prolonged hospitalization. Larger, multi\u2010institutional studies are needed to validate these findings and to better refine clinical decision\u2010making regarding perioperative VTE prophylaxis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]],"date-time":"2021-12-11T03:48:56Z","timestamp":1639194536000},"page":"935-941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Venous thromboembolism rates and risk factors following endoscopic skull base surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9519-5880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael T.","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology\/Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kawinyarat","family":"Jitaroon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Navamindradhiraj University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunhee","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery Daegu Veterans Hospital  Daegu Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pooya","family":"Roozdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology\/Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yossawee","family":"Wangworat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Thammasat University  Pathumthani Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nour","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Galilee Medical Center, affiliated with Azrieli Faculty of Medicine Bar\u2010Ilan University  Safed Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology\/Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vidya K.","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven D.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan C.","family":"Fernandez\u2010Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2072-982X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zara M.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology\/Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Dodd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter H.","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology\/Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"IV","given":"Griffith R.","family":"Harsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery University of California\u2010Davis, School of Medicine  Sacramento CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4454-0861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jayakar V.","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology\/Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford CA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery VA Palo Alto Health Care System (VAPAHCS)  Palo Alto CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.14.1711"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25161"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000159882.11635.EA"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"391","article-title":"STRIDE\u2013an integrated standards\u2010based translational research informatics platform","author":"Lowe HJ","year":"2009","journal-title":"AMIA Annu Symp Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"304","article-title":"Clinical assessment of venous thromboembolic risk in surgical patients","volume":"17","author":"Caprini JA","year":"1991","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811434383"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818755340"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.10.JNS09406"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.11.jns202494"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2017.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001633"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.22.3271"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2009.12.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12959-018-0165-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201003-0481OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-1995.168402"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0290"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.87.8.3662"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Evaluation of haemostatic and fibrinolytic markers in patients with Cushing","author":"Raffaelli V","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Congress Endocrinol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1661"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.134.4_MeetingAbstracts.s46002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K06-062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-008-9116-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-3402761"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.4.JNS172447"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24758"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy &amp; Rhinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alr.22943","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/alr.22943","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alr.22943","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T23:58:22Z","timestamp":1692748702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/alr.22943"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/alr.22943"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alr.22943","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-6976","2042-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-6976","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-6984","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-08-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}