{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T11:20:41Z","timestamp":1782127241812,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]],"date-time":"2022-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Empty nose syndrome (ENS) is characterized by the paradoxical perception of nasal obstruction despite patent sinonasal anatomy after surgery. We investigated the relationship between ENS, and anxiety, depression, obsessive\u2010compulsive disorder, and somatic symptom disorder (SSD) compared to individuals with chronic rhinitis (CR) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional survey study compared ENS and CR and CRS patients. A total of 116 patients participated: 58 ENS patients from digital support groups, and 58 CRS and CR patients from tertiary rhinology clinics. Study participants completed four validated surveys: (1) Empty Nose Syndrome 6\u2010Item Questionnaire, (2) Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI), (3) Obsessive Compulsive Inventory \u2013 Revised (OCI\u2010R), and (4) PRIME MD Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>ENS patients exhibited a mean RSDI of 78.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 72.8\u201384.5, compared to 25.2, 95% CI 18.6\u201331.8 for CRS\/CR patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). This difference was seen across all subdomains. Using the PHQ, 53% of ENS patients met diagnostic thresholds for SSD compared to 14% of CRS patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). In relation to obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), 18.37% of ENS patients compared to 8.62% of CRS\/CR patients scored above the diagnostic threshold (&gt;21) on the OCI\u2010R questionnaire (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.159).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>ENS patients had diminished sinonasal quality of life and a higher prevalence of comorbid anxiety and depression, compared to CR and CRS. ENS patients were more likely to exceed thresholds for OCD and SSD compared to controls. Future studies are needed to assess the role of SSD in ENS to help optimize treatment for these complex patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T12:13:00Z","timestamp":1648210380000},"page":"1340-1349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Mental health burden of empty nose syndrome compared to chronic rhinosinusitis and chronic rhinitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3659-4683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meredith","family":"Lamb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine  Lillington North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9267-1893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel R.","family":"Bacon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery at the University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Zeatoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery at the University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Princess","family":"Onourah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery at the University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian D.","family":"Thorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery at the University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathon","family":"Abramowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology at the University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Charles S.","family":"Ebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery at the University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam J.","family":"Kimple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery at the University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent A.","family":"Senior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery at the University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240101500601"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24813"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561319858912"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3205\/cto000098"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2009.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e328334d974"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2012.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892419880642"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2019.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24983\/scitemed.aohns.2018.00065"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405\u2010010\u20101391\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882\u2010014\u20100493\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439\u2010005\u20102513\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3205\/cto000067"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01049.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22350"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25814"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22097"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"D'Souza RS","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2015.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22726"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21842"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/105065801781329428"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21057"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100447.2010.01613.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07091440"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2011.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712000244"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.14.4.485"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12809\/eaap1832"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2003.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.18.1737"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165\u20100327(03)00198\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599810391625"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Diagnosis of common mental disorders by using PRIME\u2010MD patient health questionnaire","volume":"127","author":"Avasthi A","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842\u2010200203000\u201000008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr\u20102019\u2010231550"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2018.20.1\/phenningsen"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1009060731057"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2018.20.1\/whauser"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Somatic symptom disorder","volume":"93","author":"Kurlansik SL","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy &amp; 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