{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T16:36:20Z","timestamp":1774456580877,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AG065550"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG065550"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 AI142321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 AI142321"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inflammatory patterns in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) may predict disease severity, need for multiple sinus surgeries, and treatment response. This study analyzes nasal mucus inflammatory cytokine patterns in patients with (CRSwNP) and without (CRSsNP) nasal polyposis and their association with revision sinus surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 319 CRS patients who underwent sinus surgery were included. Cytokines were quantified in intraoperative mucus specimens using a multiplex flow cytometric bead assay. Cytokine expression patterns in patients with 0, 1, and \u22652 previous surgeries were analyzed using Kruskal\u2010Wallis and principal component (PC) regression analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 122 (38%) patients with CRSsNP and 197 (62%) with CRSwNP. On univariate analysis, interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, IL\u20108, and IL\u201021 were associated with increasing number of sinus surgeries in CRSsNP, as were IL\u20102, IL\u20104, IL\u20105, IL\u20106, IL\u20109, IL\u201017A, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010\u03b1 in CRSwNP. PC analysis with continuous Poisson regression in CRSwNP demonstrated that high IL\u20105 and IL\u201013 and low IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u201012, and IL\u201021 were associated with more prior surgeries. In CRSsNP low IL\u201013 and high IL\u20105 and regulated\u2010on\u2010activation, normal T\u2010cell\u2013expressed and secreted (RANTES) were associated with more prior surgeries. Age remained a significant covariate in the full regression model for CRSsNP, but was nonsignificant in CRSwNP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In CRSwNP, elevated IL\u20105 and IL\u201013 levels were higher at time of surgery in patients with more prior surgeries. Type 2 cytokines in CRSsNP demonstrated mixed associations with revision surgery. For both phenotypes, IL\u201010, IL\u201012, and IL\u201021 were consistently lower as number of prior surgeries increased, suggesting that treatment\u2010resistant disease may be modulated by impairment in these signaling pathways.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T09:19:08Z","timestamp":1654593548000},"page":"5-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Association of cytokine profile with prior treatment failure and revision surgery in chronic rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3678-3989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth S.","family":"Longino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology\/Skull Base Surgery Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery  Vanderbilt University School of Medicine  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