{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T05:54:57Z","timestamp":1785822897189,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03 DC013651\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03 DC013651\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DC005805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DC005805"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01DC019078\u201001A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01DC019078\u201001A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The association of gustatory dysfunction (GD) with quality of life (QOL) and cognition in older adults is understudied. Our objective was to study the prevalence of GD in the community and explore impacts and associated factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective, multi\u2010institutional, pre\u2010corona virus disease (COVID) cohort of adults aged 50 years and older had smell and taste testing using \u201cSniffin\u2019 Sticks\u201d (TDI) and \u201cTaste Strips.\u201d The impact of GD on mood, QOL, and social interaction was assessed through visual analog scales. Subjects completed the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders, Patient Health Questionnaire 9, Mini\u2010Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and the DeJong scale of loneliness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 48 patients, average age of 54.7 years, were enrolled. Thirty\u2010two percent experienced GD on taste strips, and 62% experienced olfactory dysfunction (OD) on TDI. Almost 30% (29.5%) had both GD and OD. GD and OD correlated with worsened cognitive function on MMSE (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.392 and 0.05, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.018 and 0.003). Subjects with both GD and OD had worse MMSE than either alone (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003). Dry mouth and difficult chewing correlated with GD (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.37 and \u22120.31, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.10 and 0.37). Self\u2010reported GD and OD were correlated (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.46, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001), as were psychophysical GD and OD (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.394, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.008). GD did not correlate with other metrics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010two percent of subjects experienced GD on psychophysical testing, yet most are unaware without impacts on daily life. However, GD correlates with worsened cognitive function. Taste testing may play a role in screening of neurocognitive decline, and multisensory dysfunction may indicate of worsened cognitive states.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T08:23:28Z","timestamp":1671783808000},"page":"1577-1583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The association of gustatory dysfunction, olfactory dysfunction, and cognition in older adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8766-1626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose L.","family":"Mattos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery University of Virginia  Charlottesville Virginia USA"},{"name":"University of Virginia School of Medicine  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahzeb","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia School of Medicine  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodney J.","family":"Schlosser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center  Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spencer C.","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery University of Virginia  Charlottesville Virginia USA"},{"name":"University of Virginia School of Medicine  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary M.","family":"Soler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118971758"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749\u20106632.1998.tb10650.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2008.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2022.02.210373"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2005.039453"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0195\u20106663(91)90038\u2010t"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031\u20109384(93)90224\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bju112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480600801357"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002\u20108223(95)00244\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glr165"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017502"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318155a4b9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892418824451"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2006.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415\u2010009\u20105300\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405\u2010018\u20105248\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415\u2010009\u20100088\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23349"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525\u20101497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040\u20103590.8.1.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532\u20105415.2005.53221.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Old and lonely?","volume":"1","author":"Jong\u2010Gierveld J","year":"1987","journal-title":"Compr Gerontol B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877\u2010021\u201002242\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000513751"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092703"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1991.01870170065015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12358"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003\u20104819\u201076\u20103\u2010375"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy &amp; 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