{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:42:56Z","timestamp":1791398576412,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,28]],"date-time":"2023-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although altered eicosanoid levels are related to disease severity in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), identifying patients prone to recurrent nasal polyps (NPs) is still difficult. We investigated levels of nasally secreted eicosanoids before and after NP surgery in patients with or without NP recurrence (NPR) and explored potential endotypes based on pre\u2010surgical eicosanoid levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Levels of leukotriene (LT) E<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, LTB<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, prostaglandin (PG) D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and 15(S) hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15[S]\u2010HETE) were measured in nasal secretions with specific immunoassays at pre\u2010surgery (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a038) and 6 and 12 months post\u2010surgery (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a035), with NPR identified endoscopically. Pre\u2010 and post\u2010surgical levels were compared between patients with and without NPR. Eicosanoid patterns among patients were explored with cluster analysis and evaluated with clinical parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with recurrent NPs had pronounced pre\u2010surgical levels of nasal 15(S)\u2010HETE, PGD<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and LTE<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>. From pre\u2010surgery to 12 months post\u2010surgery, NPR was associated with significant decreases of 15(S)\u2010HETE and PGD<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> relative to non\u2010recurrence, whereas levels of LTE<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> decreased at 6 months but increased again at 12 months. Clustering revealed three potential endotypes. Clusters 1 and 3 featured high and low eicosanoid levels, respectively. Cluster 2 had higher levels of LTE<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> and PGD<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, lower levels of PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and LTB<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, and more cases of recurrent NPs and previous NP surgeries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Elevated nasal LTE<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> 12 months post\u2010surgery in NP recurrent subjects suggests that postoperative LTE<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> measurements may indicate rapid NP regrowth. A distinct nasal eicosanoid profile may be used for the identification of the most severe recalcitrant patients in need of targeted immunomodulatory therapies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,14]],"date-time":"2023-05-14T06:54:50Z","timestamp":1684047290000},"page":"2043-2054","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Distinct eicosanoid patterns in severe recalcitrant nasal polyposis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2314-3322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Axel","family":"Nordstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion Science Sophiahemmet University  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattias","family":"Jangard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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