{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:51:55Z","timestamp":1770749515160,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,28]],"date-time":"2023-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inverted papilloma (IP) is a sinonasal tumor with a well\u2010known potential for malignant transformation. The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in its pathogenesis has been controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the virome associated with IP, with progression to carcinoma in situ (CIS), and invasive carcinoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the HPV\u2010specific types, a metagenomics assay that contains 62,886 probes targeting viral genomes in a microarray format was used. The platform screens DNA and RNA from fixed tissues from eight controls, 16 IP without dysplasia, five IP with CIS, and 13 IP\u2010associated squamous cell carcinoma (IPSCC). Paired with next\u2010generation sequencing, 48 types of HPV with 857 region\u2010specific probes were interrogated against the tumors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of HPV\u201016 was 14%, 42%, 70%, and 73% in control tissue, IP without dysplasia, IP with CIS, and IPSCC, respectively. The prevalence of HPV\u201018 had a similar progressive increase in prevalence, with 14%, 27%, 67%, and 74%, respectively. The assay allowed region\u2010specific analysis, which identified the only oncogenic HPV\u201018 E6 to be statistically significant when compared with control tissue. The prevalence of HPV\u201018 E6 was 0% in control tissue, 25% in IP without dysplasia, 60% in IP with CIS, and 77% in IPSCC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are over 200 HPV types that infect human epithelial cells, of which only a few are known to be high\u2010risk. Our study demonstrated a trend of increasing prevalence of HPV\u201018 E6 that correlated with histologic severity, which is novel and supports a potential role for HPV in the pathogenesis of IP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T04:10:22Z","timestamp":1684210222000},"page":"2055-2062","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A metagenomic analysis of the virome of inverted papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4471-5134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles C. L.","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Pennsylvania Health System  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science New Jersey Institute of Technology  Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tyler","family":"Seckar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Pennsylvania Health System  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mateusz","family":"Koptyra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery Children's Hospital of Philadelphia  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Kohanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Pennsylvania Health System  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noam A.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Pennsylvania Health System  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Pennsylvania Health System  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nithin D.","family":"Adappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Pennsylvania Health System  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4209-9980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Papagiannopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Pennsylvania Health System  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3475-0718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward C.","family":"Kuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Pennsylvania Health System  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Baranov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Pennsylvania Health System  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jalal B.","family":"Jalaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Pennsylvania Health System  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Pennsylvania Health System  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phillip B.","family":"Storm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery Children's Hospital of Philadelphia  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam C.","family":"Resnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery Children's Hospital of Philadelphia  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James N.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; 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