{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:44:32Z","timestamp":1790837072441,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82000954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82000954"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eosinophils are associated with olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and eosinophil\u2010derived neurotoxin (EDN) is a sensitive marker of intense eosinophil activation. This study aimed to analyze olfactory cleft mucus and olfactory mucosa EDN levels and their association with olfactory dysfunction in CRS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We prospectively recruited 150 patients with CRS electing endoscopic sinus surgery and 25 healthy controls. Both superior turbinate biopsy specimens and olfactory cleft mucus were collected to analyze EDN levels. Sniffin\u2019 Sticks test scores, olfactory cleft computed tomography (CT) scores, and olfactory cleft endoscopy scale (OCES) were obtained. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the predictability of EDN levels for olfactory dysfunction in CRS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic rhinosinusitis with olfactory dysfunction presented significantly higher olfactory mucosa (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.016) and olfactory cleft mucus (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) EDN levels than CRS without olfactory dysfunction. Mucus EDN levels were positively correlated with blood eosinophils (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.625, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002), olfactory cleft CT scores (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.738, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), and OCES (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.605, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.004) in CRS. Furthermore, mucus EDN levels were significantly negatively correlated with threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u20100.688), olfactory threshold (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u20100.606), olfactory discrimination (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u20100.608), and olfactory identification (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u20100.697) scores. After adjusting for patient demographics and comorbidities, mucus EDN levels were significantly associated with olfactory dysfunction in CRS (odds ratio\u00a0=\u00a02.162; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.027). Mucus EDN levels showed a significantly better performance for predicting olfactory dysfunction than blood eosinophil counts (area under the curve, 0.873\u00a0vs. 0.764, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.024).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Olfactory cleft mucus EDN level may be a better biomarker for predicting olfactory dysfunction in CRS than blood eosinophil counts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T12:56:43Z","timestamp":1685710603000},"page":"2144-2155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Olfactory cleft mucus eosinophil\u2010derived neurotoxin better reflects olfactory loss than blood eosinophil counts in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4888-3255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawei","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Center, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao\u2010Yang Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0783-8861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin S.","family":"Bleier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Harvard Medical, School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Center, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao\u2010Yang Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junsheng","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing PR 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