{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T23:34:22Z","timestamp":1785281662894,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Post\u2010COVID parosmia may be due to dysautonomia and sympathetic hyperresponsiveness, which can be attenuated by stellate ganglion block (SGB). This study evaluates SGB as a treatment for post\u2010COVID olfactory dysfunction (OD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective case series with prospective data of patients with post\u2010COVID OD undergoing unilateral (UL) or bilateral (BL) SGB. Patients completed Brief Smell Identification Tests (BSIT) (12 points maximum) and post\u2010procedure surveys including parosmia severity scores on a scale of 1 (absent) to 10 (severe). Scores were compared from before treatment (pre\u2010SGB) to after first (SGB1) or second (SGB2) treatments in overall, UL, and BL cohorts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010seven patients with post\u2010COVID OD underwent SGB, including 23 UL and 24 BL. Twenty patients completed pre\u2010 and post\u2010SGB BSITs (eight UL and 12 BL). Twenty\u2010eight patients completed postprocedure surveys (11 UL and 17 BL). There were no differences in BSIT scores from pre\u2010SGB to post\u2010SGB1 or post\u2010SGB2 for the overall (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.098), UL (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.168), or BL (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.230) cohorts. Parosmia severity for the overall cohort improved from pre\u2010SGB (8.82\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.28) to post\u2010SGB1 (6.79\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.38) and post\u2010SGB2 (5.41\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.35), with significant differences from pre\u2010SGB to post\u2010SGB1 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and pre\u2010SGB to post\u2010SGB2 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), but not post\u2010SGB1 to post\u2010SGB2 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.130). Number of parosmia triggers decreased for overall (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002), UL (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.030) and BL (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.024) cohorts. Quality of life (QOL) improved for all cohorts regarding food enjoyment, meal preparation, and socialization (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>SGB may improve subjective parosmia and QOL for patients with post\u2010COVID OD, however it may not affect odor identification. Further placebo\u2010controlled studies are warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T14:52:32Z","timestamp":1705416752000},"page":"1088-1096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Stellate ganglion block for treating post\u2010COVID\u201019 parosmia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7679-0908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bita R.","family":"Naimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Thomas Jefferson University Hospital  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Garvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Thomas Jefferson University Hospital  Philadelphia Pennsylvania 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