{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T12:45:06Z","timestamp":1787921106506,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>With modern treatment paradigms, olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) has favorable overall survival (OS); however, the incidence of recurrence remains high. The primary aims of this study were to delineate the prognosis of recurrence of ONB and explore how recurrence subsites are associated with OS, disease\u2010specific survival (DSS), and further recurrence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective chart review of ONB cases from nine academic centers between 2005 and 2021 was completed. Tumor characteristics, recurrence subsites, timelines to recurrence, additional recurrences, and survival estimates were determined using descriptive and time\u2010to\u2010event analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A final cohort of 233 patients was identified, with 70 (30.0%) patients recurring within 50.4 (standard deviation\u00a0\u00b140.9) months of diagnosis on average, consisting of local (50%), neck (36%), intracranial (9%), and distant (6%) recurrence. Compared with subjects without recurrence, patients with recurrence had significantly different primary American Joint Committee on Cancer T stage (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), overall stage (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), and modified Kadish scores (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Histopathology identified that dural involvement and positive margins were significantly greater in recurrent cases. First recurrence was significantly associated with worse 5\u2010year DSS (hazard ratio\u00a0=\u00a05.62; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003), and subjects with neck or local recurrence had a significantly better DSS compared to intracranial or distant recurrence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recurrent cases of ONB have significantly different stages and preoperative imaging factors. Patients with local or neck recurrence, however, have better DSS than those with intracranial or distant recurrence, independent of initial tumor stage or Hyams grade. Identifying specific factors that confer an increased risk of recurrence and DSS is important for patient counseling in addition to surveillance planning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T12:34:19Z","timestamp":1712147659000},"page":"1435-1445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Recurrence morbidity of olfactory neuroblastoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Katie","family":"Melder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Louisiana State University  New Orleans Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jess C.","family":"Mace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Oregon Health &amp; Science University  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3745-2727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Garret","family":"Choby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joao Paulo","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Mayo Clinic  Jacksonville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre\u2010Olivier","family":"Champagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Universit\u00e9 Laval  Quebec Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Stanford University  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Ciporen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Oregon Health &amp; Science University  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark B.","family":"Chaskes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head &amp; Neck Surgery Northwell Health\/Zucker School of Medicine Hofstra University  New Hyde Park New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Fernandez\u2010Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Stanford University  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas K.","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0786-4675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Stanford University  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keven Seung Yong","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Oregon Health &amp; 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