{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T15:25:20Z","timestamp":1785338720519,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010DC005805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010DC005805"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Quantitative mucus cytokine analysis to examine the sinonasal microenvironment may bridge the gap between patient\u2010reported outcome measures (PROMs) and empirical measures of inflammation in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Investigate the correlation between mucus cytokine levels and Sino\u2010Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT\u201022) scores, including individual subdomains.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with CRS were prospectively recruited between 2016 and 2021 into a multi\u2010institutional observational study. Mucus was collected from the olfactory cleft and evaluated for mucus cytokine biomarkers. Spearman correlations (<jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>) between cytokine levels and SNOT\u201022 scores, including individual subdomains, Lund\u2013Mackay (LM) CT and Lund\u2013Kennedy (LK) endoscopy scores were assessed. Subgroup analysis based on nasal polyp status (CRSsNP\u2014without nasal polyps; CRSwNP\u2014with nasal polyps) was also performed. Linear regression was employed to identify multivariate associations between cytokine expression levels, clinical covariates, and SNOT\u201022 total and domain scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 127 patients were included in the study (CRSsNP = 53, CRSwNP = 74). IL\u20109 (<jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic> = 0.196, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) was the only biomarker that correlated with the SNOT\u201022 total score. CRSwNP patients had a higher absolute expression level of Type 2 biomarkers (IgE, IL\u20105, and IL\u201013), compared to CRSsNP patients. IgE, IL\u20105, IL\u20109, and IL\u201013 significantly correlated with the SNOT\u201022 rhinologic subdomain scores (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), LM scores, and patient reported sense of smell (Question 21). Notably, subgroup analysis showed that CRSsNP patients also demonstrated significant correlations between Type 2 markers (IL\u20104, IL\u20105, IL\u20109, and IL\u201013) and SNOT\u201022 rhinologic subdomain scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Type 2 mucus cytokine levels, especially IL\u20109, correlate with SNOT\u201022, and the rhinologic SNOT\u201022 subdomain scores for both CRSsNP and CRSwNP patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T12:35:14Z","timestamp":1735562114000},"page":"411-419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Type 2 biomarkers in olfactory cleft mucus correlate with SNOT\u201022 in chronic rhinosinusitis independent of nasal polyp status"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3744-0451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikita","family":"Chapurin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary M.","family":"Soler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head &amp; Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6991-9694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head &amp; Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6880-6092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer K.","family":"Mulligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2748-0705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijay R.","family":"Ramakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5009-3426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jess C.","family":"Mace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology and Sinus\/Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Oregon Health and Science University  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6424-7083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology and Sinus\/Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Oregon Health and Science University  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0560-5028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremiah A.","family":"Alt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8766-1626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose L.","family":"Mattos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery University of Virginia  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9763-9075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinay K.","family":"Rathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head &amp; 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