{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T04:13:26Z","timestamp":1778040806409,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Regional anesthesia is effective in alleviating postoperative pain and reducing the requirement for systemic pain medications. However, optimal postoperative pain management in endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) remains challenging. This study investigated the potential pain\u2010reducing outcomes of general anesthesia combined with a bupivacaine injection at the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) and an anterior ethmoid nerve block following ESS.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A double\u2010blind randomized controlled trial that included 80 patients (18\u201375 years old) with chronic rhinosinusitis who underwent ESS was conducted. Either 0.5% bupivacaine or normal saline was injected into the anterior ethmoid nerve and SPG. The visual analog scale (VAS) pain score was assessed at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24\u00a0h following the surgical procedure. The timing of analgesic administration and any postoperative adverse effects of 0.5% bupivacaine were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The VAS scores were significantly improved in the bupivacaine group at 1\u00a0h (95% confidence interval [CI]\u00a0=\u00a00.77\u20133.81,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.004), 2\u00a0h (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.00\u20133.47,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.001), 4\u00a0h (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.59\u20132.38,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.002), and 6\u00a0h (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.22\u20132.28,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.0019). Overall, the results showed a significant difference (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.51\u20131.74,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Postoperative endoscopic SPG and anterior ethmoid nerve blocks with bupivacaine effectively reduce postoperative pain and minimize analgesic requirements after ESS.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.70059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T10:34:41Z","timestamp":1763375681000},"page":"231-238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy of Local Bupivacaine Injection of Postoperative Pain in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9124-237X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wiracha","family":"Leewannapasai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Rhinology Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Navarat","family":"Tangbumrungtham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Rhinology Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanokporn","family":"Sarsitthithum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Queen Savang Vadhana Memorial Hospital Chonburi Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7105-9155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kangsadarn","family":"Tanjararak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Rhinology Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boonsam","family":"Roongpuvapaht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Rhinology Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199611000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-011-1702-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818805673"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Bilateral Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block in Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Under General Anaesthesia","volume":"8","author":"Ismail S. A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Asociaci\u00f3n de J\u00f3venes Adventistas de la Iglesia Cristiana"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21644"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin19.803"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/jms.2007.1297.1303"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2356-9115.195878"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.20040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2012.26.3709"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2001.118863"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"137","article-title":"Comparison of Ropivacaine and Bupivacaine in Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block for Postoperative Analgesia After Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"68","author":"Sethi S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiologica Belgica"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alr.70059","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/alr.70059","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alr.70059","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T03:37:54Z","timestamp":1778038674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/alr.70059"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/alr.70059"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alr.70059","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-6976","2042-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-6976","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-6984","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}