{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T16:45:04Z","timestamp":1785775504224,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC2504100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2504100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82000958"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82000958"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82101197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82101197"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82101201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82101201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82271148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271148"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82071019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endoscopic posterior nasal nerve (PNN) neurectomy and temperature\u2010controlled radiofrequency ablation are validated interventions for medication\u2010refractory allergic rhinitis (AR), but direct comparisons of their long\u2010term efficacy, safety, and mechanisms remain lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this prospective, multicenter, randomized, patient\u2010blinded study, 174 adults with moderate\u2010to\u2010severe persistent AR were allocated to PNN neurectomy (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a089) or ablation (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a085). The primary endpoint was the percentage of participants achieving the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the 24\u2010h reflective total nasal symptom score (rTNSS) at 24 months.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The rTNSS MCID responder rate at 24 months was 86.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 80.0\u201395.0%) in the neurectomy group and 84.9% (95% CI, 78.0\u201394.0%) in the ablation group, with no significant between\u2010group difference (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.453). Both groups demonstrated substantial and parallel improvements in quality of life. Neurectomy provided greater and more durable control of rhinorrhea (1\u201324 months, all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), nasal congestion (24 months,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), and nasal itching (24 months,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.046), alongside a greater reduction in unilateral nasal resistance (right side,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.014). Both groups showed convergent systemic neuroimmune reprogramming at 1 year, with suppression of substance P, interleukin (IL)\u201031, IL\u201033, IL\u20104, IL\u201013, and IL\u20106, and increased transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2 (TGF\u2010\u03b2)and immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4). No serious adverse events occurred; mild transitory events were reported only with neurectomy (3.4%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both techniques are effective and safe for refractory AR over 2 years. Although overall outcomes are comparable, neurectomy offers superior and sustained control of rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and nasal itching. Treatment can be individualized based on symptom profile.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.70126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T10:08:09Z","timestamp":1772964489000},"page":"831-840","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Endoscopic Posterior Nasal Neurectomy Versus Radiofrequency Ablation in Refractory Allergic Rhinitis: A 2\u2010Year Randomized Controlled Trial of Clinical Outcomes and Immunomodulatory Responses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Allergy The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Airway Inflammatory Disease Research and Innovative Technology Translation  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuekun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Allergy The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Airway Inflammatory Disease Research and Innovative Technology Translation  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5133-1473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuo","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Airway Inflammatory Disease Research and Innovative Technology Translation  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3561-1894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaohui","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Allergy The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Airway Inflammatory Disease Research and Innovative Technology Translation  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology First People's Hospital of Foshan  Foshan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huijun","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanliang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital School of Medicine Tongji University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery China\u2010Japan Friendship Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenhao","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery China\u2010Japan Friendship Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2208-4535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaoqing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital School of Medicine Tongji University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2880-8031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qintai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Allergy The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Airway Inflammatory Disease Research and Innovative Technology Translation  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Naso\u2010Orbital\u2010Maxilla and Skull Base Center The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010sen University Zhaoqing Hospital  Zhaoqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.0530"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2025.2500610"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.32164"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11798\/j.issn.1007\u20101520.202221164"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23822\/EurAnnACI.1764\u20101489.268"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19458924241281521"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19458924211033400"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23577"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2024.104553"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398\u20109995.2007.01620.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15784"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","volume-title":"E9(R1) Statistical Principles for Clinical Trials: Addendum: Estimands and Sensitivity Analysis in Clinical Trials","author":"Research C for DE and","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2016.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0091\u20106749(99)70380\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749\u20106632.2009.03895.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.8.2001121270c"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin23.287"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1282130"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08820139.2024.2382792"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30337"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19458924251360889"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29453"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13453"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15259"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0008\u20102024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480801935525"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1430760"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2152\/jmi.71.62"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13201\/j.issn.1001\u20101781.2018.19.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29271\/jcpsp.2022.05.618"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29337\/ijsp.160"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy &amp; Rhinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alr.70126","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/alr.70126","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alr.70126","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:53:05Z","timestamp":1785772385000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/alr.70126"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/alr.70126"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alr.70126","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-6976","2042-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-6976","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-6984","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}