{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T16:53:27Z","timestamp":1791132807766,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) function in the innate immune defense of the sinonasal mucosa; however, the genetic association between the\n TAS2R<\/jats:italic>\n gene family and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains understudied in Asian populations. This study aimed to investigate the impact of these genetic variants on CRS susceptibility using a large East Asian Han Chinese genomic database.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This retrospective case\u2012control study analyzed the Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative dataset. We included 826 patients with CRS and 8260 control subjects. Controls were screened using ICD codes to exclude other upper airway disorders and were matched 1:10 to cases by age and sex. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for relevant clinical covariates, were used to evaluate the independent effects of\n TAS2R<\/jats:italic>\n genetic variants. We also conducted stratified analyses based on biological sex and clinical CRS phenotypes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Multivariable analysis identified\n TAS2R38<\/jats:italic>\n (rs77730028: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.363,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) and\n TAS2R42<\/jats:italic>\n (rs1669424: aOR = 1.143,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.039) as independent risk factors for CRS, whereas\n TAS2R1<\/jats:italic>\n (rs385: aOR = 0.912,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.019) demonstrated a significant protective effect. Our study revealed a marked sexual dimorphism: these genetic associations were almost exclusively driven by the female cohort (in females, the risk effect of\n TAS2R38<\/jats:italic>\n reached an aOR of 1.709,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001, with no significant association observed in males). The risk effect of\n TAS2R38<\/jats:italic>\n remained consistent across both patients with CRS with nasal polyps and those without nasal polyps.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Genetic variations within the\n TAS2R<\/jats:italic>\n family significantly influence the risk of developing CRS in the Han Chinese population, demonstrating a specific female\u2010driven effect. These findings help classify CRS endotypes and suggest that biological sex should be considered in future precision medicine and targeted therapeutic strategies.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.70183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T11:31:06Z","timestamp":1778585466000},"page":"1133-1141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Female\u2010Specific Risk of\n TAS2R<\/i>\n Variants in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Hospital\u2010Based Cohort Study From the Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8280-6029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong\u2010San","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Tungs\u2019 Taichung Metroharbor Hospital Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Man\u2010Wei","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I\u2010Chieh","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Master Program in Precision Health National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shun\u2010Hung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuan\u2010Yu","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7823-3694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi\u2010Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Animal Healthcare Hungkuang University Taichung 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