{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T16:32:09Z","timestamp":1786638729096,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004434","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is highly prevalent in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and has traditionally been considered a predominantly neutrophilic condition. Emerging evidence, however, suggests that type\u20102 inflammatory pathways may contribute to disease heterogeneity. Data linking local inflammatory mediators with objective sinonasal disease severity and olfactory dysfunction in CF\u2010associated CRS remain limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross\u2010sectional study, 42 adults with CF\u2010associated CRS (22 with nasal polyps and 20 without) underwent assessment of disease severity using the nasal polyp score (Meltzer classification) (NPS\u2010MS), modified Lund\u2013Kennedy score (mLKS), and Lund\u2013Mackay score (LMS), together with olfactory testing (Sniffin\u2019 Sticks Identification Test) and quality\u2010of\u2010life evaluation (22\u2010item Sinonasal Outcome Test [SNOT\u201022]). Nasal lavage concentrations of IL\u20104, IL\u201013, and IL\u20108 were quantified by ELISA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      IL\u20104 and IL\u201013 were significantly associated with objective measures of sinonasal disease severity, including NPS\u2010MS and LMS (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05), whereas IL\u20108 did not show consistent associations with disease severity. In multivariable models, IL\u20104 remained independently associated with mLKS (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.025), LMS (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.047), and olfactory dysfunction (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002). IL\u201013 was primarily associated with NPS\u2010MS (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.007) and LMS (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.005). Lung transplantation modified cytokine\u2013severity relationships. Exploratory analyses showed lower IL\u20104 levels in elexacaftor\/tezacaftor\/ivacaftor\u2010treated patients (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.036), with no significant effects for IL\u20108 or IL\u201013.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CF\u2010associated CRS exhibits a heterogeneous inflammatory profile in which type\u20102 cytokines, particularly IL\u20104 and IL\u201013, are linked to disease severity and olfactory dysfunction. Nasal lavage cytokines may represent promising compartment\u2010specific biomarkers to support inflammatory endotyping and targeted therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.70245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T15:41:40Z","timestamp":1786635700000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nasal Lavage IL\u20104 and IL\u201013 in Cystic Fibrosis\u2013Related Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Associations With Disease Severity and Potential Implications for Targeted Therapies"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1892-4343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Bigagli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Psychology Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA) Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Minzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Careggi University Hospital University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Mazzetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngologic Clinic Careggi University Hospital  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Todaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Psychology Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA) Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Cinci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Radiology Unit University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cosimo","family":"Nardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Radiology Unit University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2372-2407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Orlando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngologic Clinic Careggi University Hospital  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Bresci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit Careggi University Hospital  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giandomenico","family":"Maggiore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Careggi University Hospital University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Luceri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Psychology Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA) Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2022.05.008","article-title":"The Negative Impact of Chronic Rhinosinusitis on Health\u2010Related Quality of Life Among Adult Patients With Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"21","author":"Lee D. 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