{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T18:24:12Z","timestamp":1787423052545,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HU441\/27\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HU441\/27\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFG ZI\u20101143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFG ZI\u20101143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mucus overlies the nasal mucosa in the respiratory and olfactory regions, which perform distinct physiological functions. However, proteomic differences between respiratory mucosa (RM) and olfactory cleft (OC) mucus remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mucus samples were collected from the RM and OCs of 25 healthy participants (mean age: 24.8 years [SD 4.16]; 12 women, 13 men) using cotton and viscose strips. Proteomic profiling was performed using nano liquid chromatography\u2013electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC\u2010MS\/MS), and enriched proteins were analyzed for functional associations. Olfactory testing was performed using the Sniffin\u2019 Sticks odor identification test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RM mucus contained a greater number of enriched proteins, including complement components (e.g., C3, C4), neutrophil antimicrobial proteins (e.g., myeloperoxidase, neutrophil elastase, S100 proteins), and coagulation\u2010related\/proteolytic proteins (e.g., fibrinogen, plasminogen, vitronectin, alpha\u20102\u2010macroglobulin). These proteins were associated with immune defense, coagulation, and regulatory pathways. OC mucus contained fewer enriched proteins, including aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B1, chloride intracellular channel protein 6, long\u2010chain fatty acid transport protein 2, and stromelysin\u20102, supporting epithelial maintenance, ionic homeostasis, and odorant metabolism. Overrepresented processes in OC mucus were linked to ciliary structure\/motility and epithelial maintenance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Proteomic profiles reflect regional specialization: RM mucus is optimized for immune response, whereas OC mucus maintains a microenvironment conducive to sensory function and epithelial integrity. Collectively, the results highlight how regional mucus proteomic differences parallel the distinct physiological roles of the respiratory and olfactory epithelia and provide a foundation for investigating proteomic changes in olfactory dysfunction or nasal inflammatory disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.70257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T17:53:47Z","timestamp":1787421227000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Functional Specialization of Respiratory and Olfactory Mucus Revealed by Proteomic Profiling"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6711-7359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Kristina","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Smell and Taste Clinic Department of Otorhinolaryngology Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden  Dresden Germany"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital University of the Philippines \u2013 Manila  Manila The Philippines"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery Asian Hospital and Medical Center  Muntinlupa The Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karoline","family":"Lantzsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smell and Taste Clinic Department of Otorhinolaryngology Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden  Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Topalian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Applied Biotechnology Biberach University of Applied Science  Biberach an der Riss Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Gunder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smell and Taste Clinic Department of Otorhinolaryngology Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden  Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Hubel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core Facility Hohenheim Universit\u00e4t Hohenheim  Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Schindowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Applied Biotechnology Biberach University of Applied Science  Biberach an der Riss Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Pfannstiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core Facility Hohenheim Universit\u00e4t Hohenheim  Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hummel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smell and Taste Clinic Department of Otorhinolaryngology Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden  Dresden Germany"},{"name":"Department of Nutritional Science &amp; 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